88 THE SALAMANDER 



This muscle arises from the mesial side of the distal third of the 

 ulna, from the mesial side of the ulnare+intermedium, and from the 

 ulnar carpal. It runs parallel with the former muscle and is separated 

 from it by the M. caput longum musculorum contrahentium (see 

 below). Its insertion is likewise on the palmar tendon, anterior to 

 the M. flex. ace. lat., and extending a little more proximally than 

 does that muscle. 



So far as Salamandra itself is concerned it seems a little pedantic 

 to separate this muscle from the M. pronator profundus, and thus 

 Humphry's term, Pronator manus, applied to the combined muscle, 

 would appear to be the better term to use. Ribbing's arrangement 

 has been adhered to, however, since his judgement is based on the 

 study of an extensive series. It is impossible, nevertheless, to draw 

 a sharp distinction between the two muscles. 



Innervation : From N. ulnaris, R. medialis. 



Function : As the former muscle. 



MM. flexores breves superficiales (m.f.b.s.). Eisler (1895); McMur- 

 rich (1903); Ribbing (1907). 



Flexor breves ....... Carus (1828). 



Flexores digitorum sublimes breves .... Osawa (1902). 

 (For other homologies see M. flex. prim, comm.) 

 These are small weak muscles which are really auxiliary to the 

 M. flexor prim, comm., and are grouped with it by most authors. 

 They arise from the dorsal surface of its palmar tendon, and from 

 the edges of its digital tendons. They are inserted on the edges of 

 the metacarpals, at the bases of the proximal phalanges, and, in the 

 third finger, on the above mentioned (p. 85) auxiliary tendon 

 which passes to the second phalanx. 



M. caput longum musculorum contrahentium (m.c.l.c). Ribbing (i 907) 

 Flexor metacarpi IV profundus longus . . . Eisler (1895) 



Flexor profundus longus ..... Osawa (1902) 



Ulno-carpalis McMurrich (1903) 



Together with MM. contrahentes digitorum = 



Kurzer beuger Meckel (1828) 



Flexor profundus digitorum . Rudinger (1868); Humphry (1872) 

 Flexor brevis ....... Mivart (1869) 



Ulnari-phalangei volares II-V . . . Hoffmann (1873-8) 



Flechisseur accessoire des doigts (30 and 34) . . Perrin (1899) 



This is a long slip of muscle arising from the mesial border of the 

 proximal end of the ulna. It is inserted, by means of a fan-shaped 

 tendon, on the several carpalia. It lies deep to the M. flex. prim. 



