90 THE SALAMANDER 



With M. flexor accessorius medialis = 



Pronator manus ...... Humphry (1872). 



With M. interosseus antebrachii = 



Pronator radii ....... Osawa (1902). 



The deep pronator muscle arises from nearly the whole of the mesial 

 side of the ulna, from the ulnare+intermedium, from the centrale 

 and the third (and sometimes the fourth) carpal. It converges 

 towards the radial side of the hand, where it is Inserted on the 

 radiale, on the carpal of the pre-pollex, on the combined first and 

 second carpal, and, by means of a tendon, on the bases of the first 

 and second metacarpals. 



Innervation : From the N. interosseus which passes dorsal to it. 



Function : To rotate the hand so as to bring the first digit nearer to 

 the ground — i.e. pronation. 



M. interosseus antibrachii. Eisler (1895); Ribbing (1907). 

 Cubito-digital . . . . . . . Duges (1834) 



Pronator quadratus . . Mivart (1869); McMurrich (1903) 



Pronator radii quadratus .... Humphry (1872) 



Radio-ulnaris ...... Hoffmann (1873-8) 



Interosseux de I'avant bras (62) .... Perrin (1899) 



Pronator ....... Sieglbaur (1904) 



With the M. pronator profundus = 



Pronator radii ....... Osawa (1902). 



This muscle is very closely associated with the foregoing and arises 

 from almost the whole of the mesial surface of the ulna. It is inserted 

 on the distal three-quarters of the mesial surface of the radial, the 

 fibres passing obliquely across the interosseal space between the two 

 bones of the fore-arm. It may be exposed from the ventral side by 

 by removing the M. pronator profundus. 



Innervation: From the N. interosseus which crosses its dorsal 

 surface. 



Function'. It forms an elastic ligament between the two bones of 

 the fore-arm. 



MM. flexores breves prof undi (m.f.b.p.). Eisler (1895); McMurrich 

 (1903); Ribbing (1907). 



Carpo-metacarpales Humphry (1872); Hoffmann (1873-8); Osawa 



(1902). 

 Flechisseurs des metacarpiens (49-52) . . . Perrin (1899). 



These are four short, deep, flexor muscles which may be seen by 

 removing the MM. contra, dig. They are separated from these 

 muscles by the palmar branches of the flexor nerves, and arise 



