THE MUSCLES 103 



muscle it must have a special function in the male by compressing 

 the glandular tissue around the cloaca. It is probably for this reason 

 that the tail is strongly flexed during copulation. 



M. caudali-Jemoralis (m.cd.fm.). de Man (1873). 



Tricipitum, capita media ..... Funk (1827). 



Longus femoris reductor et attractor (32) . . Carus (1828). 



Pyriformis .... Meckel (1828); Stannius (1854-6). 



Coccy-sus- femoral ....... Duges (1834). 



Long extensor and Adductor of the thigh . . Rymer Jones (1852). 



Femoro-caudal ....... Mivart (1869). 



Caudo-femoralis . Humphry (1872); Osawa (1902}; Low (1926). 

 Caudali-femoralis (pyriformis) . . . . Hoffmann (1873-8). 



Deducteur caudal superieur de la cuisse (116) , . Perrin (1892). 



Together with Caudali-pubo-ischio-tibialis = 



Caudo-femoralis Appleton (1928). 



Like the other two muscles, already described, which arise from the 

 fourth and fifth caudal vertebrae, it is a narrow, strap-like muscle 

 with an oval cross-section. It is the most powerful muscle of the 

 three, and the most lateral. At what Appleton terms 'the posterior 

 groin' it turns lateralwards to enter the leg just dorsal to the M. 

 ischio-flexorius. It is inserted on the femur, at about a third of its 

 length from the pelvic girdle, on a slight tuberosity which may 

 probably be regarded as the external trochanter. 



Innervation'. From the N. pudendus. 



Function : It serves either to flex the tail in a lateral direction or to 

 retract the femur, according to circumstances. 



The deeper flexors are two in number, and are exposed to view 

 on removing the MM. pubo-ischio-tibialis and caudali-pubo-ischio- 

 tibialis. 



M. pubo-ischio-femoralis externus (m.p.i.f.e.). de Man (1873); Osawa 

 (1902); Low (1926). 



(?) Cruraeus amicus ...... Funk (1827). 



Crassus cruris flexor s. attractor et reflexor (36) . . Carus (1828). 



Nach aussen Zieher ...... Meckel (1828). 



Ex-pelvi-femoral ....... Duges (1834). 



Obturatorius et adductor ischiadicus . . Stannius (1854-6). 



Adductor Mivart (1869). 



Middle part of deeper stratum (adductors and external obturator) 



Humphry (1872). 

 Pubo-ischio-femoralis-externus (pectineus) . Hoffmann (1873-8). 



Flechisseur du femur (1 19) ..... Perrin (1892). 

 Obturator anterior and posterior . . . Appleton (1928). 



