io6 THE SALAMANDER 



des Ospubo-ischii entspringt', while Perrin (i 892) in describing what 

 he claims to be the homologous muscle (viz. his Adducteur du 

 femur, 117) says: 'Son aponeurose d'insertion occupe a la face 

 ventral du pubis, le bord anterieur depuis I'epine pubienne jusqu'au 

 commencement du dernier tiers.' His figures confirm this origin 

 from the ventral face of the pubis only. The same author, later on, 

 describes and figures two muscles (Deducteur du femur, 120, and 

 Extenseur du femur, 121) which he considers to be the homologues 

 of the ileo-femoralis of Hoffmann. Of the latter muscle he says: 

 'C'est un muscle puissant dont I'insertion superieure est tout entiere 

 sur la face dorsale du bassin ou elle recouvre tout le pubis. Tangle 

 antero-interne de I'ischion, et I'extremite anterieure de I'ilion.' 



Both his descriptions and his figures of these two muscles 

 correspond exactly with Hoffmann's ilio-femoralis and pubo-ischio- 

 femoralis internus respectively. Perrin himself seems to be aware 

 of some discrepancy, since he remarks at the conclusion of his de- 

 scription of the extenseur du femur that 'Hoffmann les fait sortir 

 uniquement de I'ilion . . .' 



The muscle which Perrin homologizes with Hoffmann's pubo- 

 ischio-femoralis internus (his Adducteur du femur) is most pro- 

 bably included by Hoffmann, and the other authors, in the muscle 

 Hoffmann calls M. pubo-ischio-femoralis externus. The validity 

 of this arrangement is questionable since the innervation is different 

 from that of the adjoining part of the M. pub. isch. fem. ext. Fol- 

 lowing Appleton's suggestion it is therefore described here as a 

 separate muscle, M. pubi-femoralis. 



M. pubi-femoralis (m.p.fm.). Appleton (1928). 



Adducteur du femur (117) . . . Perrin (1892). 



This muscle arises from the antero-ventral surface of the pubo- 

 ischium, immediately anterior to the M. pub. isch. fem. ext., and 

 deep to the M. pub. tib. Some fibres arise from a common raphe 

 with this latter muscle. It is relatively weak, and passes obliquely 

 lateralwards to be inserted along the ventral face of the femur, 

 antero-distally from the M. pub. isch. fem. ext. and posterior to 

 M. pub. isch. fem. int. 



Innervation: From N. ischiadicus ventralis. 



Function: It serves to draw the femur towards the body anteriorly. 



M. pubo-extensorius. Low (1926). 



This muscle is only described by Low. By other authors it is in- 

 cluded in the M. pub. isch. fem. int., with which muscle it is very 



