THE MUSCLES 107 



closely associated in the adult (although from his figure it would 

 appear to correspond with Humphry's rectus femoris)^ nevertheless 

 it has an insertion distinct from this muscle and is fairly easily 

 separable from it, so that, in view of the fact that Low finds it more 

 distinct in the larva (he has not investigated Salamandra), it seems 

 justifiable to include it as a separate muscle. 



In Salamandra the muscle takes its origin from the antero-dorsal 

 edge of the pubis and passes lateralwards along the antero-dorsal 

 aspect of the thigh to a tendinous insertion on the knee capsule. 

 Although very closely associated with the M. pub. isch. fem. inter- 

 nus, it is distinguishable from this muscle distally by its insertion, 

 and, starting from this end, it may be fairly easily peeled away from 

 it proximally. 



Innervation : From N. femoralis. 



Function: It is an extensor of the thigh. 



The remaining three thigh muscles are quite superficial and are 

 strictly dorsal in position (PI. VIII, fig. 47). 



M. extensor iliotibialis (m.e.il.t.). Appleton (1928). 

 Cruraeus posticus ..... 



Longus cruris abductor (33) 



Starker Strecker ..... 



Long abductor of the leg ... 



Streckmuskelmasse des Unterschenkels 

 Retractors or extensors of the thigh and leg 

 Glutaeus maximus. Rectus fcmoris . 

 Middle sector of the Ilio-crural s. gluteo-rectus 

 Ilio-tibialis ...... 



Ileo-extensorius (extensor cruris) 

 Extenseur superficielle du tibia; Tete externe inl 

 superieur ...... 



Rectus femoris ..... 



Ileo-extensorius .... Sieglbaur (1904); Low (1926). 



Together with M. pubo-ischio-femoralis internus = 



Extensor femoris biceps (Caput iliacum) . . . Osawa (1902). 



This muscle arises by two separate heads from the dorso-lateral sur- 

 face of the ilium and passes superficially along the dorsal, or extensor, 

 surface of the thigh to the knee. The two heads usually unite, more 

 or less, for a short distance proximal to the knee, although they may 

 remain separate and appear as two discrete muscles. In either case 

 their distal ends pass into a strong flat tendon which fuses with the 

 connective tissue of the knee capsule, and finally attaches itself to the 



Funk (1827). 



Carus(i828). 



. Meckel (1828). 



Rymer Jones (1852). 



Stannius (1854-6). 



. Owen (1866). 



. Mivart (1869). 



Humphry (1872). 



. de Man (1873). 



Hoffmann (1873-8). 



erieur, et Tete externe 



Perrin (1892). 



Eisler (1895). 



