THE MUSCLES 109 



it would tend to flex it. Probably the latter is its principal and 

 stronger function. 



M.femoro-fibularis (m.fm.f.). Humphry (1872); Osawa (1902). 



Popliteal Cams (1828) 



Femoro-peronien ....... Duges (1834 



Abductor fibularis secundus .... Stannius (1854-6) 



Flechisseur primitifdu fibula (i 14) .... Perrin (1892) 



Ilio-femoro-fibularis ...... Low (1926) 



Together with M. ilio-fibularis = 



Ileo-femoro-fibularis (biceps) .... Hoffmann (1873-8). 



This muscle is considered here on account of its supposed associa- 

 tion with the preceding one, although it hardly belongs to the thigh 

 muscles proper. It is a short, narrow muscle band arising from the 

 median ventral face of the femur, near the distal end, and, passing 

 across the popliteal space behind the knee, is inserted on the postero- 

 lateral face of the proximal end of the fibula. 



Innervation : From N. sciaticus. 



Function : It is the direct flexor of the knee. 



This muscle is regarded by Hoffmann and most of the earlier 

 authors as the short head of a biceps muscle, of which the other 

 longer head is the M. ilio-fibularis. Hoffmann states that the two 

 muscles are joined at their insertion, but this is incorrect so far as 

 Salamandra is concerned, for, although their insertions are always 

 close together, they are easily and naturally separable. The strongest 

 fact against regarding the two muscles as the two heads of a biceps is 

 that their innervation is entirely diff"erent, the M. ilio-fibularis being 

 innervated by the dorsal nerve — N. extensorius — and the M. 

 femoro-fibularis by the ventral, or flexor nerve — N. sciaticus. It 

 therefore seems more correct to regard them as two distinct and 

 unrelated muscles, and this is the view held by the later writers, e.g. 

 Perrin and Appleton. The latter author regards the M. femoro- 

 fibularis as 'a caenotelic structure, being apparently unrepresented in 

 Salientia and Amniota' (see also p. 105). 



M. ilio-femoralis. de Man (1873); Osawa (1902); Low (1926); 

 Appleton (1928). 



Ileo-rotulien ....... Duges (1834). 



Thick flexor of the thigh .... Rymer Jones (1852). 



Gluteus ....... Stannius (1854-6). 



Gluteus medius and minimus ..... Mivart (1869). 



Ileo-femoral stratum of the dorsal muscles of the thigh 



Humphry (1872). 



