112 THE SALAMANDER 



M. extensor cruris tibialis (m.e.c.t.). Ribbing (i 909). 



Extenseur tarsien interne +extenseur primitif du tibia Perrin (1892). 

 Extensor tarsi tibialis brevis+femoro-tibialis superficialis+femoro- 



tibialis profundus Eisler (1895). 



Together with M. extensor tarsi tibialis = 



Tibialis anticus . Funk (1827); Schmidt, Goddard, and van d. Hoeven 



(1864); Humphry (1872}. 

 Abductor et flexor pedis + Introflexor pedis (39). . Carus (1828). 



Femoro-tibialis Hoffmann (1873-8). 



Tibialis .... Osawa (1902); Sieglbaur (1904). 



Arising from the epicondylus lateralis jemoris the muscle is inserted 

 along the whole lateral border of the tibia and extends also to the 

 tihiale and cart, pre-hallucis, while some of the proximal fibres pass 

 to the mesial side of the crista tibiae. It will be noticed that both 

 Eisler and Perrin distinguish between the portion which is inserted 

 on the tarsus and that which is inserted on the tibia, but any 

 such differentiation must be regarded as largely artificial, or at most 

 incipient, in the Salamander. 



Innervation: From N. dorsalis pedis intermedius and N. dors, 

 ped. tibialis (N. saphenus). 



Function : Extensor of the tibia and leg. 



It should be observed that the separation of the pre-axial extensor 

 muscle mass into two is more complete in the hind-limb than in the 

 anterior limb. 



MM. extensores digitorum breves (m.e.b.). Eisler (1895); Osawa 

 (1902). 



Extensor brevis ....... Carus (1828). 



Extensor hallucis brevis -j-extensor quatuor digitorum brevis 



Schmidt, Goddard, and van d. Hoeven (1864). 

 Extensor brevis digitorum . . Mivart (1869); Humphry (1872). 



Tarsu-digiti I-V Hoffmann (1873-8). 



Extenseurs des doigts ...... Perrin (1892). 



Extensor digiti 1; extensores breves digitorum II-V . Sieglbaur (1904). 

 Extensores breves superficiales et profundi . . Ribbing (1909). 



Two Strata of the digital extensor muscles are distinguishable and 

 will be referred to as- 'superficialis' and 'profundus' respectively. 

 They arise generally from the tarsal elements and are inserted by 

 means of a tendon on the base of the terminal phalanx of each finger. 

 Each tendon is also attached to the other phalanges by means of 

 small lateral lips at the inter-phalangeal joints. Hoffmann and Eisler 



