I20 THE SALAMANDER 



more than half-way, i.e. as far as the origin of the MM. flexores 

 digitorum minimi. They are necessarily short but nevertheless rela- 

 tively powerful muscles, the post-axial slip being rather longer than 

 that on the pre-axial side. On the post-axial side of the fifth digit the 

 origin of the muscle extends right back along the side of basale V^ 

 while a few fibres may even arise from t\v^ fihulare . In the first digit 

 there is but a single slip which passes obliquely from the composite 

 basale I+II to the ventral side of the first metatarsal. This muscle 

 is therefore triangular in shape, and since there is no M. flexor 

 digiti minimus in this digit, its insertion is able to extend along the 

 whole length of the metatarsal. 



Innervation : From the plantar nerve loop. 



Function: The muscles serve both to flex the tarso-metatarsal joint 

 and in some measure also to approximate the digits. 



M. abductor digiti F (m. 2.. d.^.). Eisler (i 895). 



Abductor minimi digiti . Schmidt, Goddard, and van d. Hoeven( 1864); 



Humphry (1872). 

 Fibulae-metatarsum V . . . . . Hoffmann (1873-8). 



Deducteur du fibulaire + Deducteur du cinquieme metatarsien 



Perrin (1892). 

 Abductor digiti quinti ...... Osawa (1902). 



Abductor ossis metatarsi quinti . . . McMurrich (1904). 



Included in previous muscle by Ribbing (1909). 



This is a superficial muscle lying along the extreme post-axial sur- 

 face of the tarsus. It originates from the distal end of the fibula and 

 is inserted on the post-axial surface of the Jibu/are and basale V^ and 

 on the base oi the. fifth metatarsal. Its insertion is fleshy. 



Perrin distinguishes two muscles according to whether the inser- 

 tion is on the tarsal elements or on the metatarsal. There does not 

 seem to be any ;/(^/z/r^/ division of the general muscle mass, however, 

 and therefore such a distinction seems hardly justified. 



Innervation : From N. fibularis. 



Function : It is the abductor of the fifth toe. 



MM. flexores digitorum minimi. Eisler (1895); Ribbing (1909). 



Metacarpo-phalangeii ..... Humphry (1872). 



Metatarso-phalangei 



Flechisseurs primitifs des phalanges . 



Metatarso-phalangeales . 



Flexor brevis profundus (median slips) 



These are short muscular slips arising from about the middle of the 

 ^ An obvious /apsus calami. 



Hoffmann (1873-8). 



Perrin (1892). 



Osaw^a (1902). 

 McMurrich (1904). 



