THE MUSCLES 121 



metatarsals and are inserted on the bases of the proximal phalanges 

 immediately deep to the MM. contra, digit. No representative of 

 this series is present in the first digit. 



Innervation: From the plantar nerve loop. 



Function : They are the flexors of the first joint of each digit. 



MM. interphalangei (m.i.ph.3,4). Eisler (1895). 



Phalange! ....... Humphry (1872). 



Phalangi I phalanx II digiti III, IV . . Hoffmann (1873-8). 



Flechisseur primitif de la troisieme (quatrieme) phalangine 



Perrin (1892). 

 Phalangeales ....... Osawa (1902). 



Interphalangei III und IV .... . Ribbing (1909). 



Two small muscles occur on the third and fourth digits between the 

 proximal and middle phalanges. They have tendinous insertions 

 on this latter bone. 



Innervation : From the plantar nerve loop. 



Function: They are the flexors of the interphalangeal joint. 



MM. intermetatar sales (m.i.mt.). McMurrich (1903). 



Interossei metacarpales^ ..... Humphry (1872). 



Interossei metatarsals ..... Hoffmann (1873-8). 



Intermetatarsiens ....... Perrin (1892). 



Interossei . . Eisler (1895); Osawa (1902); Ribbing (1909). 



These correspond to the MM. intermetacarpals of the hand. They 

 spread web-like across the interdigital space between the metatarsals 

 and can only be seen fully by removing the MM. flexores breves 

 profundi. They extend rather more distally along the fibular side of 

 each metatarsal than along the tibial side. 



Innervation : Also from the plantar nerve loop. 



Function : They serve to approximate, or adduct the digits. 



The limb muscles of Salamandra are to be regarded as being in 

 a state of incipient differentiation and specialization. A glance at the 

 lists of synonyms will bear testimony to this fact, since in many cases 

 scarcely any two investigators share the same opinions as to how 

 a given muscle mass should be divided. Thus, while every effort has 

 been made to ensure that these lists shall be accurate and complete, 

 it is not possible to give the exact equivalent in all cases. 



It will have been noticed that there is a general agreement between 

 the arrangement of the muscles in the fore- and hind-limbs, parti- 

 cularly in respect of the distal portions of the limbs. One noteworthy 



' Again obviously a lapsus calami. 



