2IO THE SALAMANDER 



connexion with the dorsal aorta. The anterior oviducal arteries are 

 thus subject to a considerable amount of variation, and it is not 

 possible to give a general description of them. The illustration (Fig. 

 64) shows one arrangement. It will be noticed that in this case the 

 artery on the right side has no direct connexion with the dorsal 

 aorta at all, but arises anteriorly from the vertebral artery, and pos- 

 teriorly from one of the dorso-lumbar vessels which connect this 

 artery with the dorsal aorta, while the artery on the left arises directly 

 from the aorta posteriorly, and from a dorso-lumbar vessel anteriorly. 

 In this case also each artery is in two sections, while in some speci- 

 mens they are continuous. In one specimen, a female, they arose 

 anteriorly from the subclavian arteries, and posteriorly from the 

 dorsal aorta direct. They were continuous, and a connexion with the 

 vertebral artery occurred at about the same level as the anterior origin 

 of the vessels illustrated. 



It will be noticed that they entwine the post-cardinal veins, and 

 their association with these vessels is very close indeed, so that they 

 are not easily distinguishable from them. It was doubtless the 

 branches of these arteries that Rusconi mistook for factors of the 

 post-cardinal veins, which led him to misname them the veins of 

 the oviduct, and although Hochstetter was well aware of the true 

 homology of the veins he also states that they receive numerous 

 factors from the oviduct. Now while two or three factors do enter 

 the post-cardinal veins from these organs they can hardly be de- 

 scribed as numerous, and it is possible that Hochstetter too may 

 have been confusing the arterial branches. 



In the male these arteries are very small, and their branches form 

 a fairly large-meshed regular network over the vestigial Miiller's 

 duct, giving a very pretty injection. 



Group 3. Vessels distributed to the Limbs and Body-wall, &c. 



(PI. XIV). 



A. A. subclavia (a.scL). The subclavian artery leaves the dorsal 

 aorta at the level of vertebrae 3-4, and passes slightly obliquely to- 

 wards the axilla. Its first branch is given off about 2 mm. from its 

 origin. 



{a) A. thoracica (Osawa) (a.th.). This vessel leaves the posterior 

 aspect of the subclavian artery, passes dorsal to the fourth spinal 

 nerve, and supplies the muscles of the body-wall immediately pos- 

 terior to that nerve. 



At the axilla there arises from the ventral aspect of the subclavian 

 artery a short branch which almost immediately divides into the 



