212 THE SALAMANDER 



(v) A. trapezia (Osawa) (a.tr.) to the skin covering the anterior 

 part of the shoulder and to the M. cucullaris. 



(vi) A. procoraco-humeralis (Osawa) to the muscle of the same 

 name and to the skin covering it. 



(d) A. hrachialis (a.br.) is the main artery of the fore-limb and forms 

 the direct continuation of the subclavian artery. It enters the arm 

 in company with the flexor nerves (N. brachialis). During its 

 course through the arm it gives a branch to the M. humeri anti- 

 brachialis inferior, and some of the ultimate twigs from this branch 

 penetrate the muscle and supply the overlying skin. It varies some- 

 what as to its exact point of emergence from the main vessel — it may 

 leave it at about the middle of the arm, or it may not emerge until 

 near the elbow. In the latter case it runs backwards parallel with the 

 A. brachialis before entering the muscle. 



In the bend of the elbow the brachial artery gives off the A. 

 radialis (Zuckerkandl), which passes along the radial side of the fore- 

 arm and first digit between the NN. cutaneus inferior lateralis and 

 dorsalis manus radialis in company with the radial vein. From this 

 artery, very close to its origin, arise several twigs to the skin, and a 

 recurrent branch. 



(i) AA. cutanei antibrachii^ medialis and /^/,?r^/zV(Gaupp, Frog) with 

 several branches supplying the skin on the posterior and flexor sides 

 of the elbow. One branch, longer than the rest, extends down the 

 flexor side of the fore-arm with the N. cutaneus brachii inferior 

 lateralis. 



(ii) A. recurrens radialis^ a small vessel supplying the muscles on 

 the flexor side of the elbow. Its name indicates the fact that it turns 

 backwards in a proximal direction. 



The direct continuation of the brachial artery is the A. interossea 

 (Zuckerkandl) or A. mediana (Osawa), from which arises the ulnar 

 artery. 



(i) A. ulnaris (Zuckerkandl, Osawa). This artery and the one 

 from which it arises correspond in course and distribution with the 

 nerves of the same names. The ulnar artery remains on the flexor 

 side of the M. interosseus and divides to supply the MM. flexor 

 primordialis communis, flexor antibrachii et carpi ulnaris, and the 

 caput longum musculorum contrahentium. Immediately after its 

 origin it gives a i^.r^c«rr^;?j uharis which penetrates, and supplies, the 

 muscles towards the extensor side of the elbow. A branch from it 

 passes forwards superficially along the ulnar side of the limb to join 



