244 THE SALAMANDER 



abdominal portion of the V. lateralis, or with one of its factors, and 

 enters the V. iliaca transversa close to the point where this vessel 

 joins the pelvic vein. When the fusion between the factors of the 

 lateral vein and the V. iliaca transversa occurs, the condition closely 

 resembles that found in some reptiles, e.g. Sphenodon (O'Dono- 

 ghue, 1 921) and Heloderma (Beddard, 1906). 



C. The Pelvic Veins (v.pel.), as in the Frog, offer an alternative 

 course to the blood coming from the hind-limbs, and enable it to avoid 

 the kidney. They arise normally on either side from Jacobson's vein a 

 little anterior to the common iliac vein, and pass around the anterior 

 rim of the pelvic basin, internal to all the muscles, to the mid-ventral 

 line, where they fuse to form the abdominal vein. It is convenient to 

 distinguish two sections in each pelvic vein, viz. a dorsal section from 

 Jacobson's vein to the point where the V. iliaca transversa is received, 

 and a ventral section from that point to the abdominal vein. The 

 dorsal section varies considerably both as to its exact point of origin 

 from Jacobson's vein and in size. It is never very large, and seems 

 sometimes to be absent entirely. The ventral section is very much 

 larger since it receives the considerable addition of blood from the 

 V. iliaca transversa. It also receives the V. -parietalis lateralis (v. par. 1.) 

 (lateral abdominal, of some authors) from the lateral abdominal 

 muscles, and the small vein from the anterior aspect of the thigh 

 joining the V, collateralis jemoris (v.col.fem.) which may represent 

 the femoral vein. Small twigs from the origin of the M. pubo-ischio- 

 femoralis internus and from the insertion of the rectus abdominis 

 muscles are also factors of this section of the pelvic vein. 



Vessels of the Brain (PI. IX, figs. 51 and 52). 



A. Arteries. As already described the internal carotid artery 

 passes into the cranial cavity through the carotid canal and the basi- 

 cranial fenestra. In the cranial cavity it is known as the A. carotis 

 cerebralis (a.car.ce.) (Scholb) which almost at once divides into a R. 

 anterius and a R. posterius. 



(I) R. anterius (a.ce.a.) (Scholb) courses along the lateral border 

 of the thalamencephalon to the level of the optic chiasma, where it 

 divides into dorsal and ventral branches. 



{a) The ventral branch, R. cerebralis anterior ventralis (Osawa), 

 Arteria lobi haemisphaerici inferior externa (Scholb), or more simply 

 the ventral cerebral 2iTt&TY(2i.ct.Y.)y runs along the ventro-lateral edge 

 of the cerebrum as far as the olfactory nerves. From it vessels arise 

 which form a rich network in the primary vascular coat (see 'Mem- 



