X INTRODUCTION. 



Subfamily Pupillinae. 



Pupillinae Pilsbry, 1918, vol. 24, p. x ; p. 106 + Orculinae, 

 part. Pupillidae Steenberg, 1925, p. 201. 



The shell is cylindric or tapering, of medium size for the 

 family, with teeth varying from fully developed {Leiostyla) 

 to wanting (Pupoides). 



Animal either oviparous or viviparous. Penis bifid, with 

 a long appendix and a forked retractor; spermathecal duet 

 short or medium, often with a diverticulum. Jaw of very 

 narrow, conerescent plates, producing a finely striate surface. 

 Radula with central teeth tricuspid, as wide as the laterals or 

 narrower; laterals bicuspid; marginals wide, with numerous 

 narrow cusps. 



The limits of this subfamily were materially extended by 

 Steenberg 's papers of 1925 and 1929, in which Lauria and 

 Agardhia were shown to be like Piipilla in genitalia. Genera 

 starred have been dissected. 



*Pupoides, 26:103. *Pupoidopsis, 26:106: Microstele, 

 26:147. Microcerion, 26:151. *Pupilla, 26:152. *Lauria, 

 27 :43. *Agardhia, 27 :129. Paracoryna, 27 :132, 320. Enneo- 

 pupa, 27 :222. ?Boysia, 26 :225. 



Subfamily Orculinae. 



Orculinae Pilsbry, 1918, p. x. Orculidae Steenberg, 1925, 

 p. 201. See also Hesse- Wiegmann, Archiv. Molluskenk. 

 56 :1, and Soos, 1. c. 57 :94, for descriptions and figures of 

 genitalia. 



Animal oviparous. Penis terminating in a long blind sac 

 beyond entrance of the epiphallus and retractor insertion; 

 no appendix in Orcula and Pagodulina, but it is present in 

 Orculella. Oviduct provided with a short cul-de-sac. Sper- 

 mathecal duct long in Orcula, but short or medium in 

 Orculella. Jaw and teeth about as in Pupillinae. 



*Orcula, 27 :1. *Orculella, 28 :92. Pagodulina, 27 :166. 



This group is used in the limits established by Steenberg, 

 who has also pointed out the close resemblance of Moquin- 



