VERTIGO. 95 



In V. gouldii the striation, especially of the penult whorl, 

 is much stronger, and the basal tooth is situated further to the 

 left. 



Vertigo gouldii paradoxa Sterki. PI. 15, fig. 5. 



Vol. 25, p. 99. The specimens from Newfoundland referred 

 to V. coloradensis and V. coloradensis hasidens by Vanatta 

 (Nautilus Vol. 40, p. 113, 1927, and 43, p. 134, 1930, seem to 

 me to be V. g. paradoxa. None of them has a basal fold. 

 The lower-palatal fold stands distinctly deeper than its fellow. 

 In V. gouldii and V. coloradensis it is not quite so deeply 

 immersed. The distinction is admitted to be rather finely 

 drawn, but it appears to be valid. A Newfoundland specimen 

 from Hannah's Head, Humber River, is figured, PI. 15, fig. 5. 



On going over the series I conclude that the Rocky Mountain 

 shells, V. coloradensis and its subspecies, are not specifically 

 distinct from gouldii. The differences are trivial, and while 

 absolute continuity of the goiddii and coloradensis areas is 

 not proven, and seems improbable, there is no great gap 

 between the ranges as recorded in Manual Vol. 25, pp. 98, 

 115-118. I would therefore write Y. gouldii coloradensis, V. 

 g. arizonensis, etc. 



Vertigo gouldii paradoxa appears to be generally spread in 

 Newfoundland, the specimens being from Tucker's Head, east 

 arm of Bonne Bay; Hannah's Head, Humber River, Bay of 

 Islands; Ha Ha Cape, Ha Ha Bay; Bard Harbor Hill, high- 

 lands of St. John, on the Straits of Belle Isle. I have seen 

 specimens of V. g. paradoxa from Anticosti Island also, in 

 Museum of Comparative Zoology. 



Junius Henderson (Nautilus Vol. 44, p. 9, 10) has raised 

 the question whether the occurrence of V. coloradensis in New- 

 foundland " really means a survival of the species at the 

 extreme eastern end of its pre-glacial range ". This ques- 

 tion is hardly affected by the change in name of the New- 

 foundland specimens, since the Rocky Mountain and north- 

 eastern races, though not absolutely identical, seem to be 

 barely distinguishable. 



