ORCULA. 123 



Chondrina bigorriensis tenuimarginata forma macro- 

 CHiLus Bofill, MS. PL 20, fig. 11. Hospitalet de I'lnfant, 

 Prov. de Tarragona, Spain (D'Aguilar-amat, 1. c, p. 32, pi. 1, 

 f. 9). 



Chondrina bigorriensis tenuimarginata forma flaccida 

 Bofill, MS. PI. 20, fig. 10. Castejon de Sos and Pont de Neu 

 d'Astos, Prov. d'Osea, Spain (D'Aguilar-amat, 1. c, p. 32, 

 pl.l,f.8). 



Chondrina dertosensis FxVrta Bofill, MS. PI. 20, fig. 13. 

 Hifac, Prov. d'Alacant, Spain (D'Aguilar-amat, 1. c., p. 33, 

 pi. 1, f. 4). 



SOLATOPUPA SIMILIS MONTEROSATOI Bofill, MS. PI. 20, fig. 9. 



Castel Gandolfo, Massa Carrara, Italy (d'Aguilar-amat, 1. e., 

 p. 35, pi. 1, f. 7). 



Solatopupa thieuxi Locard, from Correns, Var, France, was 

 mentioned by d'Aguilar-amat, 1. c., p. 35, without description. 

 So far as I know it has not been defined. 



ORCULA (continued from p. 93). 



Dr. Stephan Zimmermann has published a critical study of 

 great merit, "Ueber die Verbreitung und die Formen des 

 Genus Orcula Held, in den Ostalpen" in Archiv fiir Natur- 

 geschichte, n. ser. 1, 1932, pp. 1-56. In order that all names 

 proposed up to the end of 1933 may appear in tlie Manual, the 

 following much abbreviated notes are compiled ; his figures are 

 reproduced. Those concerned with Alpic Orculae will of 

 course consult Zimmermann 's paper. 



In the discrimination of forms below the rank of species 

 great weight is placed upon dimensions of the shell; but this 

 is never the measurements of single specimens, but the aver- 

 age of an entire population. In ascertaining this the length 

 and breadth of 20 or 30 shells from one place are measured 

 and the mean taken ; the maximal and minimal records being 

 also noted. 



A synopsis of the forms treated follows. It will be noticed 

 that four categories are recognized : species, subspecies, forms 

 and morphs. The distinction between forma and morpha in 



