DISTRIBUTION OP PUPILLIDAE. 139 



moss dripping wet from spray of the falls, collected by Michael 

 Beqiiaert. Cotypes 162443 A. N. S. P. and in Mus. Comp. Zool. 



A young shell of fully four whorls has a long parietal 

 lamella and four radial folds in the base (fig. 13) . Three folds 

 persist in a shell of fully 4i/^ whorls, but they are weaker. 



It is more robust and darker colored than any of the South 

 African Lauriae. L. hruguierei of Abyssinia is paler and 

 more cylindric. L. desiderata (Preston), from Mt. Kenia at 

 9-10,000 ft., is apparently the species most nearly related, as it 

 is the nearest geographically; from the description it is a 

 smaller shell, said to measure 3x2 mm. 



By its angular lamella entering only shortly, L. bequaerti 

 differs from the majority of the typical section of Lauria. 

 Like many of the Madeiran species, it lives in very wet places, 

 A few of the shells are partially coated with hard calcareous 

 material such as one sometimes sees deposited on fresh water 

 shells. 



Lauria zonifera n. n. (This vol. p. 86) . 



New name for Pupa zonata Bttg. 1883 (see vol. 27, p. 79), 

 not Pupa zonata Gassies, 1869. Boettger proposed the name 

 mut. alhina for albinistic examples, but this name had been 

 used in Pupa several times, as by Moquin-Tandon, 1855. 



Geographic Distribution of the Pupillidae. 



The family Pupillidae is essentially a group of the northern 

 continents. The data now at hand indicate Eurasia as the 

 main area of evolution and radiation. All of the major groups 

 (subfamilies) occur in this continent. Of about 50 genera 

 recognized in the family, 38, or about 75 percent, are repre- 

 sented in Eurasia, either living or as Tertiary fossils. 



The southern continents and islands have, in addition to 

 northern genera which extend into them, only about 8 endemic 

 genera : 



Gihhulina, South America. 



Fauxulus, South Africa. 



Canipolaemus, St. Helena. 



Costigo, Indo-Malayan and Melanesian islands. 



