144 DISTRIBUTION OF PUPILLIDxNJ]. 



relation to Pupoides. Microcerion, in the Upper Oligocene of 

 Florida, is evidently a minor modification of Microstele. As 

 living snails, Microstele has a few widely scattered species in 

 Ceylon, East and South Africa, fragments of its once wide 

 range. 



Palaearctic Region. 



Atlantic Islands. — In the archipelagoes of the north Atlantic 

 the Leiostyla group of Lauriae has been widely deployed, with 

 many endemic species forming several special subgenera and 

 sections, and occupying stations from arid to subaquatic. 



Madeiran species. 



Besides a few obviously introduced species, Lauria cylin- 

 dracea and L. c. anconostoma (27:51), Madeira has four 

 genera of Pupillidae. Staurodon and several subgenera of 

 Lauria are endemic. Staurodon stands close to Nesopupa, 

 which was present in the European Oligocene and Miocene. 

 The Lauriae are partly near European Oligocene and Miocene 

 Leiostylas, and in part are intensely specialized derivatives 

 from Leiostyla. The other genera are Palaearctic groups, 

 here represented by endemic species. The fauna seems to have 

 been derived from Europe not later than Miocene, and per- 

 haps earlier. 



Lauria cylindracea anconostoma Lwe. 27 :51. Introduced. 

 L. fanalensis Lwe. 27 :58. 



(S.-g. Scarahella) L. s. simulator P. 27 :101. 



L. cassida Lwe. 27 :88. L. wollastoni Paiv. 27 :102. 



(8.-g. Leiostyla) L. laevigata Lwe. 27:103. 



L. eheilogona Lwe. 27:90. L. recta Lwe. 27:104. 



L. vincta Lwe. 27 :91. L. r. macilenta Lwe. 27 :104. 

 L. V. watsoniana P. 27:92. {Beet. Craticula) 



L. irrigiia Lwe. 27:92. L. fusca Lwe. 27:105. 



L. loweana Woll. 27:93. L. millegrana Lwe. 27:106. 



L. 1. transiens Woll. 27:96. L. abbreviata Lwe. 27:107. 



L. cassidula Lwe. 27 :96. L. comeocostata W. 27 :108. 



L. concinna Lwe. 27 :97. L. c. resticula W. 27 :109. 



L. laurinea Lwe. 27:98 L. relevata Woll. 27:110. 



L. sphinctostoma Lwe. 27 :99. L. ferraria Lwe. 27 :110. 



L. s. arborea Lwe. 27 :100. L. degenerata Woll. 27 :111. 



L. s. heterodon P. 27:101. L. monticola Lwe. 27:112. 



