146 DISTRIBUTION OF PUPILLIDAE. 



Truncatelliiia atomus Shuttl. 26:63. Tenerife. 

 Columella microspora Lwe. 27:234. Tenerife, Palma. 

 Aeanthinula spinifera Mouss. 27 :193. Palma, Grand Canary. 



Cape Verde Islands. 



While the Helices of these islands appear to be generically 

 related to those of the Azores and Madeira, the few Pupillidae 

 have a decidedly Ethiopian aspect. Three of the genera are 

 Ethiopian, the other two, Lauria and Truncatellina, are Palae- 

 arctic genera which have spread widely, being common to 

 Europe, the Atlantic islands and the Ethiopian Region, from 

 Abyssinia to the Cape. 



Gastrocopta acarus Bens. 24:122. 



Pupilla fontana gorgonica Dhn. 26 :206. 



Lauria cylindracea anconostoma Lwe. 27 :51. 

 dohrni Pfr. 27 :53. S. Antao. 



Pupoides gemmula Bens. 26 :137. 



Truncatellina molecula Dohrn. 26:63. S. Antao. 



Pupillidae of European and Mediterranean suhregions. 



Four circumpolar genera, Pupilla, Vertigo, Columella and 

 Zoogenetes extend to the Pacific the eastern limit of the 

 Palaearctic Region, and into America. Truncatellina has 

 species in China and the Riukiu Islands, and the single Recent 

 species of Ptychalaea occurs in the Ogasawara (Bonin) group. 

 Otherwise the European Pupillid fauna has nothing in com- 

 mon with the rest of the Palaearctic Region. The relation 

 was more obvious in the middle Tertiary, when Sinalbinula 

 and Ptychalaea, now living in China and the Japanese islands, 

 were represented in the central European fauna. 



Europe, North Africa and nearer Asia possess by far the 

 richest fauna of Pupillidae in the world. There are 18 Recent 

 and 12 additional Tertiary genera, of which no less than 11 

 Recent and 7 fossil genera are endemic. The largest Pupil- 

 lidae, comprised in the subfamilies Orculinae and Abidinae 

 (the Abida Group, vol. 24, p. xi), are, with the exception of 

 the genus Fauxulus, all European. 



