150 DISTRIBUTION OP PUPILLIDAE. 



Ptyehalaea dedeeora Pils. 25 :158, 273. Ogasawara-jima. 

 Truncatellina insulivaga Pils. 26 :84. Riukiu Is. 

 Columella edentula Drap. 27 :242. Saghalien I. 



Pupisoma japonica Pils. 26 :25. Hirado, Hizen. 

 P. harpula Reinh. 27 :198. Tokyo. 



Ethiopian Region. 



The relations of this Pupillid fauna are mainly with the 

 Palaearetic Region, but also with the Oriental, and by the 

 presence of Gastrocopta s. str., Pupoides and Microstele, with 

 the middle American. The only strongly characterized en- 

 demic group is Fauxulus, which by conchological features 

 appears to belong to the Abidinae ; but it is evidently an old 

 group in South Africa. Afripupilla {Pupilla tetrodus) is 

 another endemic form, but of uncertain affinities. Gastrocopta 

 is represented in Abyssinia by one or two species of 8inal' 

 hinnla (a Palaearetic group), but the tropical and South 

 African species belong to the typical group of Gastrocopta, 

 and are closely related to those of South America and the West 

 Indies, the Mascarene Islands and India. The following 

 genera appear to be of Palaearetic origin : 



Fauxulus Negulus 



Orcula Truncatellina 



Pupilla Columella 



Lauria Acanthinula 



Elements common to the Oriental Region are : 



Gastrocopta s. str. Pupisoma 



Pupoides Nesopupa 



Microstele 



Two of these, Microstele and Nesopupa, are represented also 

 in European Miocene. 



Gastrocopta pleimesi Jick, 24:119. Abyssinia. 

 G. haggenmacheri Jick. 24:358. Abyssinia. 

 G. klunzingeri Jick. 24 :120. Abyssinia. 



insidsa Prest. 24 :359. 

 G. k. senegalensis Malz. 24 :121. Senegal. 

 G. hermosa Jouss. 24 :121. Eritrea. 

 G. thomasseti Pils. 28 :71. Natal. 



