PUPILLIDAE AJSTD RELATED GROUPS. 197 



ous) by Steenberg (1917), Boycott (1917) and Watson (1920) ; 

 Steenberg's figure of the jaw of Z. harpa (Say) is reproduced 

 (pi. 31, fig. 7). 



Because of its well-developed appendix, Planogyra is added 

 to this group, although its shell form is nearer that of Pyra- 

 midula, which it also approaches in its undivided penial 

 retractor. 



Planogyra asteriscus (Morse). Plate 26, figs. 1 to 3. 



P. asteriscus Mse. (1864, Journ. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist. 

 1: 24), head, jaw and radula (Maine) ; H. B. B. (1928, Naut. 

 41: 122), preliminary account. 



All my adults, from Cheboygan County, Michigan, have 

 male organs. A very few shells are practically ribless, like in 

 ^'Pyramidula rupestris" nylanderi Morse (1920) from Maine, 

 which appears only a form of P. asteriscus. 



Animal almost white, with short and stout, darkly pig- 

 mented ommatophores ; inferior tentacles short, lighter in 

 color. Foot holopod but with serrate line formed by upper 

 edges of lowest row of tesselloid bosses quite prominent ; short 

 and broad ; sole lanceolate with rounded tip, displaying coarse 

 (3 to its length) pedal waves in locomotion. Mantle collar 

 (fig. 3) thick and swollen, protruding beyond peristome, white 

 and very noticeable; pneumostome, guarded by thickenings 

 but without distinct shell-lappets, with anus near inner end. 

 Lung about 2i/2 times base and 1% times length of kidney; 

 principal pulmonary vein near orthureter ; rectal surface with 

 inconspicuous venules. Kidney about li/^ times base and 

 twice length of pericardium ; trabeculae hea\y, becoming 

 transverse anteriad. Orthureter slightly over % length of 

 kidney and much narrower although poorly demarcated ; walls 

 with weak transverse trabeculae; opening near anterior end; 

 recurved groove apparently open, also transversely trabecu- 

 late, extending backwards shortly beyond apex of kidney. 



Ovotestis (fig. 1) imbedded about % whorls from liver apex, 

 consisting of two lobes with few, obovoid lobules; duct long, 

 greatly swollen, convolute in lower half ; earref our hidden by 

 prostate ; talon scarcely represented. No embryos observed in 



