200 PUPILLIDAE AJSTD RELATED GROUPS. 



phallar branches (and trunk) of its penis, its long appendix 

 (like Lauria) and the peculiar insertions of its penial retrac- 

 tor at the bases of the two penial arms. 



Anatomically, Pupoides differs from Pupilla in the inser- 

 tion of its penial retractor at the base (instead of on the side) 

 of the epiphallus, in the simpler epiphallar arm of its penis 

 (without apical caecum), by the lack of a spermathecal diver- 

 ticulum and in the narrower radular central. Its genitalia 

 appear the simplest in the group, but its reduced penial arms 

 approach those of Agardhia while its spermathecal stalk, 

 although much shorter, is unbranched like that of Lauria. 



Pupoides margin atus nitidulus (Pfr.). Plate 27, figs. 1 

 and 2. 



Cf. P. marginatus Pils. (1921, vol. 26: 108). 



Among many specimens from the Dutch Leeward Islands, 

 collected during the summer of 1922, one individual from 

 Aruba was found to have mature male organs. 



Ovotestis (fig. 1) with three lobes of short-clavate alveoli; 

 duct enlarged and convoluted in lower half; carrefour elong- 

 ate without distinct talon. Oviduct swollen in apical half; 

 no embryos observed. Spermatheca short, without diverti- 

 culum (although a muscle attaches across its stalk below sac). 

 Epiphallus sessile, considerably swollen, internally with long- 

 itudinal folds. Penis bifid but epiphallar arm demarcated 

 from epiphallus only by narrower caliber and lack of folds; 

 appendix short, thin-walled, entering penial apex through a 

 thickened ring (like in Strohilops) . Penial retractor arising 

 from diaphragm, bifurcating a little below its middle to in- 

 sert around apex of epiphallar arm and near middle of appen- 

 dicular arm of penis. Right ocular retractor in penioviducal 

 angle. Radular formula (fig. 2) : 16 — 1— (8 + 8), with 82 

 rows (T) ; central much narrower than inner laterals. 



The anatomy of Pupoidopsis hawaiensis Pils. & Cooke, 

 which has been described and figured by C. Montague Cooke, 

 Jr., and Marie C. Neal (1928), appears to be very similar to 

 that of Pupoides but the vagina and atrium are shorter and 



