﻿PURPOSE 
  J 
  

  

  Montreal 
  and 
  affiliated 
  with 
  McGill 
  University, 
  his 
  conchological 
  studies 
  con- 
  

   tinued. 
  Besides 
  that 
  bequeathed 
  to 
  AIcGill, 
  collections 
  were 
  set 
  him 
  by 
  the 
  Smith- 
  

   sonian 
  Institution, 
  the 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  of 
  California, 
  the 
  Boston 
  Society 
  of 
  

   Natural 
  History, 
  and 
  individuals 
  who 
  wished 
  the 
  benefit 
  of 
  his 
  wide 
  experience. 
  

   It 
  is 
  consistent, 
  then, 
  that 
  specimens 
  which 
  he 
  used 
  as 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  the 
  description 
  

   of 
  new 
  species 
  might 
  be 
  scattered 
  when 
  his 
  death 
  occurred 
  in 
  the 
  midst 
  of 
  such 
  

   activity. 
  As 
  can 
  1>e 
  seen 
  from 
  the 
  itemized 
  list 
  of 
  type 
  depositories 
  included 
  herein, 
  

   the 
  greater 
  number 
  of 
  Carpenter 
  types 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  National 
  Mu- 
  

   seum 
  and 
  the 
  Redpath 
  ^Museum. 
  To 
  avoid 
  further 
  confusion 
  attention 
  must 
  be 
  

   called 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  Mrs. 
  Oldroyd 
  in 
  her 
  worthy 
  manual 
  (1924-1927) 
  based 
  the 
  

   listing 
  of 
  many 
  type 
  depositories 
  on 
  false 
  assumptions. 
  In 
  addition, 
  she 
  used 
  the 
  

   original 
  statement 
  of 
  the 
  location 
  of 
  types 
  as 
  basis 
  for 
  actual 
  location 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  

   of 
  her 
  writing. 
  In 
  many 
  cases 
  the 
  two 
  are 
  not 
  the 
  same. 
  Such 
  statements 
  in 
  

   Oldroyd 
  as 
  "Mrs. 
  Boyce 
  of 
  Utica, 
  New 
  York" 
  (continued 
  by 
  Soot-Ryen. 
  1955. 
  

   p. 
  62) 
  and 
  the 
  "California 
  Geological 
  Survey" 
  are 
  particularly 
  misleading 
  and 
  

   cause 
  a 
  great 
  deal 
  of 
  unnecessary 
  searching. 
  In 
  both 
  cases 
  the 
  specimens 
  at 
  the 
  

   time 
  of 
  Carpenter's 
  description 
  belonged 
  in 
  such 
  categories, 
  but 
  through 
  unac- 
  

   countable 
  changes 
  such 
  statements 
  mean 
  little 
  or 
  nothing 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  

   whereabouts 
  of 
  the 
  specimens. 
  Mrs. 
  Boyce 
  was 
  Colonel 
  Jewett's 
  daughter, 
  and 
  

   none 
  of 
  her 
  collection 
  exists 
  in 
  Utica 
  today. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  "Cali- 
  

   fornia 
  Geological 
  Survey" 
  which 
  might 
  be 
  identified 
  with 
  the 
  above 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  

   United 
  States 
  National 
  Museum. 
  Some 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  Paleontolog>% 
  Uni- 
  

   versity 
  of 
  California. 
  

  

  The 
  chief 
  purpose 
  of 
  this 
  report 
  has 
  been, 
  therefore, 
  to 
  investigate, 
  locate, 
  and 
  

   illustrate 
  the 
  types 
  of 
  the 
  marine 
  molluscan 
  West 
  Coast 
  species 
  described 
  by 
  

   Philip 
  Pearsall 
  Carpenter 
  and 
  to 
  bring 
  the 
  data 
  together 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  foundation 
  on 
  

   which 
  researchers 
  on 
  the 
  fauna 
  can 
  evaluate 
  the 
  original 
  data 
  in 
  the 
  light 
  of 
  more 
  

   extensive 
  information. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  report 
  concentration 
  on 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  types 
  of 
  Carpenter's 
  marine 
  

   molluscan 
  species 
  does 
  not 
  mean 
  that 
  the 
  author 
  regards 
  the 
  principle 
  of 
  the 
  es- 
  

   tablishment 
  of 
  types 
  as 
  an 
  end 
  in 
  systematics. 
  It 
  is 
  only 
  a 
  means 
  and 
  a 
  tool 
  in 
  

   taxonomy 
  and 
  an 
  aid 
  in 
  refined 
  methods 
  of 
  biological 
  analysis 
  of 
  organisms. 
  It 
  is, 
  

   however, 
  a 
  necessary 
  implement, 
  as 
  is 
  any 
  original 
  work, 
  in 
  the 
  determination 
  

   of 
  taxonomic 
  names. 
  There 
  are 
  many 
  examples 
  shown 
  in 
  this 
  paper 
  where 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  writing 
  and 
  energy 
  could 
  have 
  been 
  .saved 
  if 
  all 
  the 
  original 
  data 
  in 
  the 
  

   problem 
  had 
  been 
  available 
  — 
  for 
  example, 
  in 
  Area 
  pernoides 
  vs. 
  A. 
  bailyi. 
  In 
  

   some 
  cases 
  nude 
  names 
  have 
  been 
  carried 
  in 
  lists, 
  and 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  generic 
  names 
  

   applied 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  species. 
  Obviously 
  any 
  statistics 
  based 
  on 
  such 
  data 
  would 
  

   be 
  of 
  little 
  value. 
  An 
  extreme 
  case 
  of 
  that 
  point 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  Alvania 
  aequiscidpta 
  

   "Cpr" 
  [Keep] 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  list 
  under 
  three 
  generic 
  names. 
  

  

  Schenck 
  (1945, 
  p. 
  518, 
  519) 
  enumerated 
  similar 
  examples 
  and 
  pointed 
  out 
  the 
  

   kind 
  of 
  taxonomic 
  data 
  needed 
  for 
  biometrical 
  analysis 
  of 
  molluscan 
  assemblages. 
  

   It 
  is 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  this 
  report 
  to 
  provide 
  such 
  data, 
  particularly 
  the 
  too 
  long-de- 
  

   layed 
  illustration 
  of 
  the 
  Carpenter 
  types. 
  

  

  