﻿8 
  MARINE 
  MOLLl'SCA 
  DKSCRI 
  BED 
  RY 
  P. 
  P. 
  CARPENTER 
  

  

  adopted 
  an 
  American 
  orphan 
  boy 
  who 
  had 
  helped 
  Philip 
  in 
  the 
  Smithsonian 
  In- 
  

   stitution 
  and 
  whom 
  Carpenter 
  befriended 
  there. 
  Contacts 
  both 
  scientific 
  and 
  

   human 
  drew 
  him 
  back 
  to 
  America, 
  and 
  in 
  November, 
  1865, 
  he 
  and 
  his 
  family 
  

   returned 
  to 
  Montreal. 
  There 
  he 
  ran 
  a 
  school 
  for 
  boys. 
  He 
  entered 
  energetically 
  

   into 
  civic 
  and 
  religious 
  life 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  and 
  carried 
  on 
  his 
  scientific 
  pursuits, 
  study- 
  

   ing 
  and 
  arranging 
  his 
  extensive 
  shell 
  collection 
  which 
  he 
  had 
  brought 
  from 
  Eng- 
  

   land 
  and 
  donated 
  to 
  McGill 
  University. 
  He 
  died 
  in 
  Montreal 
  May 
  24, 
  1877, 
  and 
  

   was 
  buried 
  in 
  Mount 
  Royal 
  Cemetery. 
  On 
  his 
  trip 
  to 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  (1860) 
  

   Carpenter 
  was 
  given 
  the 
  first 
  degree 
  of 
  Doctor 
  of 
  Philosophy 
  granted 
  by 
  the 
  

   Regents 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  New 
  York. 
  From 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  his 
  visit 
  to 
  America 
  he 
  

   ceased 
  to 
  occupy 
  a 
  regular 
  pulpit, 
  but 
  his 
  activities 
  in 
  helping 
  his 
  fellows 
  by 
  lec- 
  

   turing, 
  preaching, 
  organizing, 
  or 
  by 
  kind 
  deeds 
  never 
  lessened. 
  He 
  was 
  a 
  vehe- 
  

   ment 
  prohibitionist 
  and 
  abolitionist, 
  a 
  vegetarian, 
  and 
  an 
  energetic 
  worker 
  for 
  

   sanitation 
  and 
  reforms 
  in 
  conditions 
  of 
  the 
  poor 
  and 
  illiterate. 
  He 
  was 
  respected 
  

   and 
  loved 
  by 
  all. 
  whether 
  they 
  agreed 
  with 
  his 
  doctrines 
  or 
  not. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  CAREER 
  

  

  Philip 
  Carpenter 
  seemed 
  to 
  have 
  had 
  a 
  natural 
  love 
  for 
  shells. 
  He 
  was 
  in- 
  

   itiated 
  into 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  mollusks 
  in 
  his 
  early 
  teens 
  by 
  the 
  association 
  with 
  Samuel 
  

   Stutchbury 
  (1797-1859). 
  zoologist, 
  and 
  Samuel 
  Worsley^ 
  [not 
  known] 
  geolo- 
  

   gist, 
  at 
  tlie 
  liristol 
  Institution. 
  This 
  museum 
  had 
  rich 
  collections 
  of 
  fossils 
  and 
  

   shells. 
  Philip 
  in 
  1832 
  arranged 
  cabinets 
  in 
  that 
  museum. 
  A 
  specimen 
  of 
  Macrocal- 
  

   lista 
  chione 
  (Linnaeus) 
  preserved 
  in 
  the 
  Chicago 
  Natural 
  History 
  Museum, 
  

   bears 
  the 
  label. 
  "This 
  identical 
  specimen 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  beginning 
  of 
  my 
  collection 
  

   of 
  shells, 
  being 
  offered 
  by 
  my 
  sister 
  Mary 
  and 
  earned 
  by 
  me, 
  as 
  a 
  prize 
  for 
  order 
  ! 
  

   I 
  think 
  in 
  June. 
  1832 
  (31)." 
  In 
  1833, 
  he 
  was 
  helping 
  Mr. 
  Stutchbury 
  3 
  or 
  4 
  

   hours 
  a 
  day, 
  working 
  particularly 
  on 
  chitons. 
  In 
  the 
  same 
  year 
  Carpenter 
  became 
  

   acquainted 
  with 
  Dr. 
  J. 
  E. 
  Gray, 
  Keeper 
  of 
  Mollusca 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  Museum, 
  W'ho 
  

   was 
  a 
  strong 
  influence 
  in 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  Carpenter's 
  scientific 
  career. 
  In 
  1836, 
  

   tlie 
  Pritish 
  Association 
  for 
  Promotion 
  of 
  Science 
  met 
  at 
  Bristol, 
  and 
  Philip 
  

   helped 
  arrange 
  the 
  conchological 
  collection. 
  He 
  had 
  at 
  that 
  early 
  age 
  developed 
  

   a 
  discriminating 
  judgment 
  of 
  species 
  determination. 
  

  

  In 
  spite 
  of 
  his 
  fondness 
  for 
  natural 
  history. 
  Carpenter 
  continued 
  his 
  training 
  

   for 
  the 
  ministry. 
  He 
  was 
  ordained 
  in 
  1841. 
  In 
  1842, 
  when 
  contacts 
  were 
  made 
  

   again 
  with 
  scientists 
  of 
  kindred 
  interest 
  at 
  a 
  meeting 
  of 
  the 
  British 
  Association 
  

   for 
  the 
  Advancement 
  of 
  Science 
  in 
  Manchester, 
  his 
  old 
  love 
  was 
  revived. 
  He 
  

   visited 
  with 
  Robert 
  Patterson 
  (1802-1872). 
  biologist. 
  John 
  Fleming 
  (1785- 
  

   1857). 
  zoologist, 
  G. 
  B. 
  Sowerby 
  (1812-1884). 
  zoologist, 
  C. 
  W. 
  Peach 
  (1800- 
  

   1886). 
  geologist. 
  G. 
  W. 
  Wood 
  (M.P.). 
  Dr. 
  William 
  Buckland 
  (1794-1856), 
  

   geologist. 
  Dr. 
  C. 
  G. 
  B. 
  Daubeny 
  (1795-1867), 
  botanist 
  and 
  chemist, 
  and 
  Prof. 
  

   Baden 
  Powell 
  (1796-1860). 
  mathematician. 
  When 
  the 
  same 
  association 
  met 
  at 
  

   York 
  (1844) 
  he 
  went 
  with 
  his 
  brother, 
  the 
  esteemed 
  scientist. 
  Dr. 
  W. 
  B. 
  Car- 
  

   penter. 
  He 
  again 
  accompanied 
  the 
  same 
  brother 
  to 
  the 
  meeting 
  at 
  Cambridge 
  in 
  

  

  * 
  Carpenter 
  (1858, 
  p. 
  438) 
  wrote, 
  "It 
  was 
  to 
  serve 
  as 
  eyes 
  [Worsley 
  was 
  blind] 
  to 
  guide 
  

   his 
  knowledge, 
  that 
  I 
  commenced 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  shells." 
  

  

  