﻿PHILII' 
  PEARSALL 
  CARPENTER 
  V 
  

  

  1845. 
  From 
  1846-1858 
  he 
  preached 
  at 
  Warrington. 
  To 
  help 
  unemployed 
  factory 
  

   workers 
  he 
  founded 
  an 
  industrial 
  school. 
  To 
  carry 
  on 
  the 
  activities 
  of 
  the 
  school 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  teach 
  a 
  trade, 
  he 
  managed 
  to 
  acquire 
  an 
  antiquated 
  press 
  and 
  type 
  and 
  

   to 
  learn 
  printing. 
  This 
  was 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  "Oberlin 
  Press," 
  on 
  which 
  he 
  

   printed 
  for 
  himself 
  and 
  other 
  reformers 
  tracts 
  and 
  extended 
  papers 
  on 
  sanitation, 
  

   teetotalism, 
  religious 
  and 
  school 
  reports, 
  or 
  anything 
  which 
  Carpenter 
  believed 
  

   would 
  better 
  human 
  conduct 
  and 
  conditions 
  of 
  life. 
  Better 
  machinery, 
  type, 
  and 
  

   experience 
  were 
  gradually 
  gained 
  until 
  in 
  1855-1857 
  his 
  552-page 
  Catalogue 
  of 
  

   the 
  Reigcn 
  Collection 
  of 
  Ma::atlan 
  Mollusca 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  Museum 
  was 
  printed 
  

   by 
  P. 
  P. 
  Carpenter 
  at 
  the 
  Oberlin 
  Press, 
  by 
  order 
  of 
  the 
  Trustees 
  of 
  the 
  British 
  

   Museum. 
  This 
  was 
  the 
  largest 
  single 
  report 
  that 
  Carpenter 
  published.^ 
  He 
  had 
  

   in 
  1855, 
  with 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  a 
  brother-in-law, 
  purchased 
  the 
  famous 
  Reigen 
  Mazatlan 
  

   shells. 
  This 
  became 
  the 
  turning 
  point 
  in 
  his 
  life. 
  The 
  events 
  and 
  his 
  scientific 
  

   labors 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  those 
  specimens 
  occupied 
  more 
  of 
  his 
  time. 
  A 
  descrip- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  Mazatlan 
  collection 
  was 
  included 
  by 
  Carpenter 
  (1857b, 
  p. 
  241-265; 
  

   1957a; 
  1860, 
  p. 
  23-27; 
  1864b, 
  p. 
  542, 
  548; 
  1872, 
  p. 
  28-34; 
  Palmer, 
  1951, 
  p. 
  5) 
  

   in 
  his 
  report 
  to 
  the 
  British 
  Association 
  in 
  1856 
  (1857b) 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  1863 
  

   (1864b) 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  introduction 
  to 
  the 
  Mazatlan 
  Catalogue 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  cata- 
  

   logue 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  duplicate 
  Mazatlan 
  Collection 
  presented 
  to 
  the 
  State 
  Cabinet 
  of 
  

   Natural 
  History 
  (Museum). 
  Those 
  publications 
  are 
  rare. 
  Because 
  a 
  brief 
  survey 
  

   of 
  the 
  collection 
  and 
  Carpenter's 
  association 
  has 
  been 
  given 
  by 
  the 
  author 
  in 
  a 
  

   catalogue 
  (Palmer, 
  1951) 
  of 
  the 
  duplicate 
  material 
  at 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  State 
  Mu- 
  

   seum, 
  further 
  details 
  will 
  not 
  be 
  included 
  here. 
  Carpenter 
  thought 
  that 
  a 
  small 
  

   industrial 
  town 
  such 
  as 
  Warrington 
  was 
  not 
  a 
  proper 
  place 
  to 
  house 
  permanently 
  

   the 
  primary 
  selection 
  of 
  the 
  material, 
  including 
  the 
  types 
  of 
  new 
  species 
  described. 
  

   Through 
  the 
  persuasion 
  of 
  Dr. 
  J. 
  E. 
  Gray 
  the 
  original 
  suite, 
  about 
  8873 
  speci- 
  

   m_ens, 
  was 
  deposited 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  Museum. 
  Material 
  several 
  times 
  that 
  amount, 
  

   from 
  which 
  he 
  made 
  up 
  duplicate 
  sets, 
  was 
  retained. 
  

  

  Although 
  at 
  that 
  time 
  Carpenter 
  was 
  a 
  novice 
  in 
  conchology 
  there 
  seemed 
  no 
  

   one 
  better 
  available 
  to 
  study 
  the 
  material. 
  In 
  addition, 
  he 
  was 
  asked 
  to 
  prepare 
  

   a 
  report 
  in 
  1855 
  for 
  the 
  British 
  Association 
  for 
  the 
  Advancement 
  of 
  Science, 
  "on 
  

   the 
  Present 
  State 
  of 
  our 
  Knowledge 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  Mollusca 
  of 
  West 
  Coast 
  

   of 
  North 
  America." 
  Thus 
  he 
  began 
  scientific 
  pursuits, 
  not 
  only 
  by 
  examining 
  

   thousands 
  of 
  shells 
  but 
  by 
  forging 
  into 
  a 
  thorough 
  and 
  laborious 
  compilation 
  of 
  

   the 
  voluminous 
  and 
  scattered 
  literature 
  in 
  which 
  any 
  mention 
  was 
  made 
  of 
  west 
  

   American 
  molluscan 
  species. 
  His 
  abstracts, 
  delineated 
  with 
  lists 
  of 
  species 
  and 
  

   references, 
  were 
  meant 
  to 
  include 
  all 
  original 
  sources 
  from 
  the 
  collection 
  of 
  Dom- 
  

   bey. 
  1778 
  (Peru), 
  to 
  Bridges, 
  1856 
  (Panama), 
  and 
  of 
  all 
  other 
  pertinent 
  writ- 
  

   ings 
  and 
  monographs. 
  The 
  resumes 
  were 
  followed 
  by 
  detailed 
  geographic 
  tables 
  

   in 
  which 
  were 
  embodied 
  the 
  data 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  extracted 
  from 
  the 
  literature 
  

   and 
  analysis 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  in 
  the 
  faunal 
  districts. 
  This 
  report 
  of 
  318 
  pages 
  (4 
  

   plates) 
  was 
  followed 
  in 
  1863 
  (1864) 
  by 
  a 
  supplementary 
  report 
  to 
  the 
  British 
  

   Association 
  on 
  the 
  Mollusca 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  area. 
  In 
  the 
  supplement 
  he 
  corrected 
  old 
  

  

  5 
  The 
  chiton 
  manuscript 
  which 
  remained 
  unfinished 
  at 
  his 
  death 
  would 
  have 
  exceeded 
  the 
  

   Mazatlan 
  catalogue 
  in 
  size 
  and 
  importance. 
  

  

  