﻿112 
  MARIXE 
  MOLLUSCA 
  DESCRIBED 
  BY 
  P. 
  P. 
  CARPENTER 
  

  

  Blainville 
  (1824, 
  p. 
  349) 
  inaugurated 
  Psammocola 
  with 
  three 
  sections, 
  with 
  an 
  example 
  

   under 
  each. 
  Psammocola 
  vespertimlis 
  ("E.M. 
  [Ency. 
  Method.] 
  pi. 
  231, 
  f. 
  3, 
  abc" 
  [no 
  "c" 
  on 
  

   plate]) 
  was 
  given 
  under 
  section 
  "A". 
  Blainville 
  (1825, 
  p. 
  567) 
  repeated 
  the 
  original 
  descrip- 
  

   tion 
  with 
  specific 
  reference 
  but 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  reference 
  (E.M. 
  [Ency. 
  Method.] 
  pi. 
  

   231, 
  fig. 
  3 
  abc) 
  he 
  added 
  another 
  figure 
  (pi. 
  LXXVII, 
  fig. 
  4). 
  The 
  two 
  figures 
  do 
  not 
  

   represent 
  the 
  same 
  species. 
  Bucquoy, 
  Dautzenberg, 
  and 
  Dollfus 
  (1895, 
  p. 
  485) 
  made 
  the 
  type 
  

   designation 
  for 
  the 
  genus, 
  "P. 
  vespertinalis 
  Blainville 
  (= 
  vespertina 
  = 
  dcpressa"). 
  This 
  type 
  

   designation 
  was 
  repeated 
  by 
  Sacco 
  (1901, 
  p. 
  10). 
  The 
  Sacco 
  designation 
  has 
  been 
  used 
  by 
  

   Makiyama 
  (1934, 
  p. 
  154) 
  and 
  Habe 
  (1952, 
  p. 
  203). 
  However, 
  that 
  of 
  Bucquoy, 
  Dautzenberg, 
  

   and 
  Dollfus 
  (1895) 
  has 
  priority. 
  

  

  The 
  type 
  designation 
  of 
  P. 
  vespertina 
  is 
  not 
  valid 
  for 
  the 
  species 
  P. 
  vespertinalis 
  Blain- 
  

   ville, 
  as 
  typified 
  by 
  the 
  only 
  original 
  reference 
  given, 
  and 
  is 
  not 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  P. 
  vespertina 
  

   (Gmelin). 
  The 
  second 
  reference 
  (1825) 
  as 
  illustrated 
  does 
  represent 
  P. 
  vespertina 
  (Gmelin) 
  

   (Chemnitz, 
  1784, 
  pi. 
  7, 
  figs. 
  59, 
  60), 
  but 
  that 
  species 
  was 
  an 
  after 
  thought 
  of 
  Blainville 
  and 
  

   hence 
  does 
  not 
  enter 
  into 
  the 
  original 
  description. 
  Reeve 
  (1856, 
  pi. 
  I) 
  pointed 
  out 
  that 
  

   Blainville's 
  figure 
  (1824, 
  pi. 
  231 
  under 
  caption 
  "Capsa") 
  represented 
  a 
  species 
  like 
  Venus 
  

   deflorata 
  Linn, 
  (see 
  Capsa 
  in 
  Reeve, 
  1856, 
  pi. 
  I). 
  That 
  observation 
  is 
  true. 
  The 
  species 
  

   figured 
  (Bruguiere, 
  1797) 
  3, 
  a 
  b, 
  pi. 
  231, 
  Ency. 
  Meth. 
  is 
  sculptured 
  with 
  coarse 
  radiating 
  

   ribs 
  and 
  is 
  not 
  the 
  same 
  species 
  as 
  Blainville 
  figured 
  later 
  (1825, 
  pi. 
  LXXVII, 
  fig. 
  4). 
  

  

  Psammocola 
  Blainville, 
  1824, 
  must 
  stand 
  on 
  the 
  original 
  figure, 
  and 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Blain- 
  

   ville, 
  1824, 
  preoccupies 
  Blainville, 
  1825. 
  Hence 
  the 
  type 
  designations 
  of 
  Bucquoy, 
  Dautzenberg, 
  

   and 
  Dollfus 
  (1895) 
  and 
  Sacco 
  (1901) 
  are 
  not 
  valid. 
  Bucquoy, 
  Dautzenberg, 
  and 
  Dollfus 
  in 
  

   the 
  synonymy 
  of 
  P. 
  vespertina 
  (Gmelin) 
  [= 
  P. 
  depressa 
  (Pennant)] 
  (1895, 
  p. 
  485) 
  did 
  not 
  

   include 
  the 
  P. 
  vespertinalis 
  Blainville, 
  1824, 
  but 
  gave 
  "P. 
  vespertinalis" 
  Blainville, 
  1825 
  [in 
  

   part], 
  pi. 
  LXXVII, 
  fig. 
  4. 
  This 
  is 
  indirect 
  evidence 
  that 
  they 
  did 
  not 
  regard 
  the 
  first 
  refer- 
  

   ence 
  as 
  equivalent 
  to 
  P. 
  vespertina 
  (Gmelin). 
  

  

  Gari 
  (Gobraeus) 
  californica 
  (Conrad) 
  

  

  Psammobia 
  rubroradiata 
  Nuttall 
  ms., 
  Carpenter 
  

  

  (PI. 
  16, 
  figs. 
  3-5, 
  7) 
  

  

  "Psammobia 
  riibraradiata 
  Nuttall 
  ms. 
  in 
  Carpenter." 
  described 
  by 
  Carpenter, 
  in 
  1865, 
  de- 
  

   termined 
  by 
  Dall 
  in 
  1898 
  as 
  equivalent 
  to 
  P. 
  californica 
  Conrad, 
  1848 
  [1849], 
  Acad. 
  Nat. 
  

  

  Sci. 
  Philadelphia, 
  Proc, 
  vol. 
  4, 
  p. 
  121 
  not 
  described, 
  name 
  for 
  Conrad, 
  1837, 
  Acad. 
  Nat. 
  

  

  Sci. 
  Philadelphia, 
  Jour., 
  vol. 
  VII, 
  pi. 
  19, 
  fig. 
  3 
  

   Sanqxiinolaria 
  ruhro-radiata 
  "Conrad," 
  Carpenter, 
  1856, 
  Zool. 
  Soc. 
  London, 
  Proc., 
  pt. 
  

  

  XXIV, 
  p. 
  212 
  not 
  described, 
  California; 
  1857, 
  Rept. 
  British 
  Assoc. 
  Adv. 
  Sci. 
  1856, 
  p. 
  

  

  195, 
  Nuttall 
  ms. 
  not 
  described, 
  California; 
  1860, 
  Smith, 
  Alisc. 
  Coll., 
  vol. 
  2, 
  art. 
  6, 
  p. 
  1 
  

  

  name 
  only 
  

   Psammobia 
  rubroradiata 
  "Nuttall," 
  Carpenter, 
  1864b, 
  p. 
  540, 
  Monterey, 
  California; 
  p. 
  563 
  

  

  Puget 
  Sound, 
  p. 
  602 
  Vancouver 
  dist., 
  p. 
  638 
  Puget 
  Sound; 
  Vancouver 
  Island, 
  San 
  Diego; 
  

  

  Reprint, 
  1872, 
  p. 
  26, 
  49, 
  88, 
  124 
  {riibro-radiata) 
  ; 
  1865, 
  Acad. 
  Nat. 
  Sci. 
  Philadelphia, 
  Proc, 
  

  

  vol. 
  17, 
  p. 
  55 
  "Nutt. 
  MS. 
  described"; 
  "Conrad," 
  Cooper, 
  1867, 
  Geog. 
  Cat. 
  Moll., 
  Geol. 
  

  

  Sur. 
  California, 
  p. 
  5; 
  "Nutt.," 
  Williamson, 
  1898, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Nat. 
  Mus., 
  Proc., 
  vol. 
  15, 
  no. 
  

  

  898, 
  p. 
  185 
  

   Gari 
  (Psammacola) 
  rubrolineata 
  Nuttall, 
  Carpenter, 
  Tryon, 
  1867. 
  Cat. 
  Family 
  Tellinidae, 
  

  

  Acad. 
  Nat. 
  Sci. 
  Philadelphia, 
  p. 
  77 
  error 
  for 
  rubroradiata 
  

   Psammobia 
  californica 
  Conrad, 
  Dall, 
  1898, 
  Acad, 
  Nat. 
  Sci. 
  Philadelphia, 
  Proc., 
  vol. 
  50, 
  p. 
  

  

  61 
  fide 
  Dall; 
  Weymouth, 
  1920, 
  California 
  Fish 
  Game 
  Comm., 
  Fish 
  Bull. 
  no. 
  4, 
  pi. 
  14, 
  

  

  fig. 
  1 
  

   Psamtnobia 
  (Gobraeus) 
  californica 
  Conrad, 
  Dall, 
  1921, 
  p. 
  49; 
  in 
  part 
  Oldrovd, 
  1924b, 
  p. 
  

  

  185, 
  pi. 
  43, 
  fig. 
  5 
  copy 
  of 
  Conrad's 
  type 
  figure 
  

   Gari 
  (Gobraeus) 
  californica 
  (Conrad), 
  Grant 
  and 
  Gale, 
  1931, 
  p. 
  382 
  in 
  part, 
  which 
  see 
  for 
  

  

  additional 
  synonymy 
  of 
  G. 
  californica 
  (Conrad). 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  mention 
  which 
  Carpenter 
  made 
  to 
  "Psammobia 
  rubroradiata" 
  (as 
  Sanquinolaria) 
  

   was 
  as 
  of 
  Conrad 
  from 
  the 
  Nuttall 
  Collection 
  from 
  California. 
  The 
  vicissitudes 
  of 
  the 
  publi- 
  

   cation 
  of 
  the 
  Nuttall 
  Collection 
  of 
  molluscan 
  species 
  is 
  explained 
  in 
  detail 
  by 
  Carpenter 
  

  

  