﻿GASTROPOnA 
  

  

  185 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  two 
  specimens, 
  U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum, 
  no. 
  14831, 
  labelled 
  "Monterey 
  Cooper 
  

   type." 
  The 
  apex 
  of 
  each 
  specimen 
  is 
  missing. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  specimens 
  is 
  figured 
  herein. 
  It 
  has 
  

  

  11 
  varices, 
  whereas 
  the 
  other 
  individual 
  has 
  12 
  varices. 
  Both 
  shells 
  have 
  the 
  horny 
  operculum 
  

   in 
  place. 
  Both 
  specimens 
  measure 
  : 
  length 
  9 
  mm. 
  ; 
  greatest 
  diameter 
  4.5 
  mm. 
  These 
  measure- 
  

   ments 
  approximate 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  British 
  Museum 
  shell 
  : 
  length 
  8.7 
  mm. 
  ± 
  ; 
  greatest 
  diameter 
  

   3.6 
  mm. 
  ±. 
  

  

  In 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  type 
  depository, 
  Oldroyd 
  merely 
  stated 
  the 
  no. 
  [393] 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  Cali- 
  

   fornia 
  State 
  Collection 
  as 
  given 
  by 
  Carpenter 
  (1866). 
  The 
  early 
  state 
  numbers, 
  if 
  still 
  re- 
  

   tained, 
  help 
  to 
  verify 
  the 
  authenticity 
  of 
  a 
  type 
  but 
  do 
  not 
  indicate 
  where 
  the 
  specimen 
  might 
  

   be 
  at 
  present 
  or 
  its 
  modern 
  number. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  California 
  State 
  types 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  

   U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum. 
  Strong 
  (1930) 
  examined 
  a 
  lot 
  in 
  the 
  University 
  of 
  California 
  

   collection 
  labelled 
  "Epitonium 
  crebricostatum 
  Cpr., 
  Cooper 
  collection" 
  and 
  determined 
  them 
  

   as 
  specimens 
  of 
  E. 
  tinctum, 
  except 
  one 
  single 
  shell 
  with 
  a 
  larger 
  number 
  of 
  varices, 
  which 
  

   he 
  thought 
  might 
  be 
  the 
  young 
  of 
  another 
  species. 
  

  

  A 
  summary 
  of 
  the 
  characters 
  of 
  available 
  "type" 
  sources 
  yield 
  only 
  specimens 
  which 
  are 
  

   at 
  variance 
  with 
  Carpenter's 
  descriptions. 
  They 
  are 
  as 
  follows. 
  — 
  

  

  Type 
  locality. 
  — 
  The 
  type 
  locality 
  is 
  consistently 
  mentioned 
  as 
  Monterey, 
  with 
  San 
  Diego 
  

   or 
  San 
  Pedro 
  (Carpenter, 
  1864b, 
  p. 
  613, 
  660; 
  1866, 
  p 
  .222, 
  Monterey, 
  San 
  Pedro; 
  Cooper, 
  

   1867, 
  Monterey 
  to 
  San 
  Diego; 
  1870, 
  Monterey 
  to 
  San 
  Diego; 
  1888, 
  Monterey 
  to 
  San 
  

   Diego). 
  Yet 
  Smith 
  and 
  Gordon 
  (1948), 
  following 
  Strong 
  (1930), 
  did 
  not 
  include 
  the 
  species 
  

   from 
  Monterey. 
  Smith 
  i_in 
  Burch, 
  1945), 
  however, 
  does 
  admit 
  that 
  he 
  has 
  "one 
  or 
  two 
  

   shells 
  from 
  Monterey 
  that 
  might 
  possibly 
  fit 
  the 
  requirements. 
  . 
  . 
  ." 
  The 
  British 
  Museum 
  

   shell 
  is 
  labelled 
  "California" 
  only. 
  

  

  Varices. 
  — 
  Carpenter's 
  description, 
  15 
  varices. 
  U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum, 
  no. 
  14831, 
  11 
  and 
  

  

  12 
  varices; 
  British 
  Museum, 
  12 
  varices. 
  

  

  Measurements.— 
  Cdir\)Q\\ieT 
  (long. 
  0.7; 
  lat. 
  .18) 
  = 
  length 
  17.71 
  mm.; 
  diameter 
  4.55 
  mm. 
  

   U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum 
  no. 
  14831, 
  each: 
  length 
  9. 
  mm.; 
  diameter 
  4.5 
  mm.; 
  British 
  Museum 
  

   shell 
  : 
  length 
  8.7 
  ± 
  mm. 
  ; 
  diameter 
  2.6 
  ± 
  mm. 
  

  

  To 
  choose 
  a 
  lectotype 
  from 
  the 
  above 
  specimens 
  would 
  mean 
  that 
  the 
  Carpenter 
  descrip- 
  

   tions 
  would 
  be 
  disregarded, 
  and 
  an 
  analysis 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  would 
  then 
  be 
  redrawn 
  on 
  the 
  

   basis 
  of 
  the 
  lectotype. 
  In 
  that 
  case 
  the 
  species 
  would 
  probably 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  synonymous 
  

   with 
  E. 
  tinctum 
  or 
  a 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  same. 
  

  

  If 
  one 
  takes 
  Carpenter's 
  notes 
  at 
  face 
  value, 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  unknown 
  and 
  the 
  riddle 
  of 
  its 
  

   description 
  unsolved. 
  If 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  valid 
  biologically, 
  its 
  presence 
  is 
  probably 
  lurking 
  

   under 
  identifications 
  of 
  E. 
  indianorum 
  or 
  E. 
  tinctum. 
  In 
  that 
  case 
  specific 
  separation 
  would 
  

   involve 
  a 
  selection 
  of 
  a 
  neotype. 
  The 
  choice 
  would 
  best 
  be 
  made 
  by 
  one 
  who 
  is 
  familiar 
  with 
  

   large 
  suites 
  of 
  West 
  Coast 
  Epitoniums. 
  

  

  Until 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  this 
  form 
  has 
  a 
  firmer 
  foundation 
  than 
  at 
  present 
  the 
  writer 
  sees 
  no 
  

   authority 
  for 
  type 
  locality 
  or 
  range. 
  Cooper, 
  Arnold, 
  and 
  Oldroyd 
  (1925) 
  catalogued 
  the 
  

   species 
  from 
  the 
  Pleistocene 
  of 
  California. 
  The 
  earlier 
  authors 
  apparently 
  believed 
  they 
  

   knew 
  what 
  the 
  species 
  was 
  and 
  differentiated 
  it 
  from 
  E. 
  indianorum 
  and 
  E. 
  tinctum. 
  

  

  Type. 
  — 
  Uncertain 
  

  

  Specimens 
  figured. 
  — 
  U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum, 
  no. 
  14831; 
  British 
  Museum 
  (Natural 
  His- 
  

   tory), 
  no. 
  1950,3.29.1 
  

  

  Distribution. 
  — 
  Uncertain 
  

  

  Epitonium 
  (Nitidiscala) 
  fallaciosum 
  Dall, 
  1921 
  = 
  

  

  E. 
  hindsii 
  Keep. 
  1911 
  = 
  E. 
  tinctum 
  Carpenter, 
  1864, 
  1865 
  

  

  Not 
  Scalaria 
  Hindsii 
  Carpenter, 
  museum 
  label 
  Smithsonian 
  Inst., 
  no. 
  46222 
  "San 
  Pedro, 
  

  

  P.P.C." 
  = 
  E. 
  cooperi 
  Strong, 
  by 
  lectotype 
  selection, 
  Woodring, 
  1931, 
  Nautilus, 
  vol. 
  45, 
  

  

  no. 
  1, 
  p. 
  31 
  

   Not 
  Scalaria 
  Hindsii 
  Carpenter, 
  1856, 
  Zool. 
  Soc. 
  London, 
  Proc., 
  p. 
  165 
  ; 
  1857, 
  Rept. 
  British 
  

  

  Assoc. 
  Sci. 
  1856. 
  p. 
  284, 
  336 
  

   Epitonium 
  hindsii 
  Keep, 
  1911, 
  West 
  Coast 
  Shells, 
  p. 
  183, 
  fig. 
  174 
  by 
  designation, 
  Dall, 
  1921 
  

  

  = 
  E. 
  tinctiim 
  Carpenter 
  fide 
  Strong, 
  1930, 
  San 
  Diego 
  Soc. 
  Nat. 
  Hist., 
  vol. 
  VI, 
  no. 
  7, 
  

  

  p. 
  193 
  

  

  