﻿GASTROPODA 
  199 
  

  

  Family 
  Hipponicidae 
  

   Genus 
  Hipponix^* 
  Defrance, 
  1819 
  

   (Avialfhea 
  Schumacher, 
  1817 
  non 
  Rafinesque, 
  1815) 
  

   Hipponix 
  Defrance, 
  1819, 
  J. 
  Physique, 
  Chimie, 
  Hist, 
  nat., 
  t. 
  88, 
  Jan., 
  p. 
  217, 
  figs. 
  1, 
  a-f 
  

   Type 
  species 
  by 
  subsequent 
  designation, 
  Antox, 
  1839, 
  Ver. 
  Conchyl., 
  p. 
  28, 
  Patella 
  cornuco- 
  

   pias 
  Lamarck, 
  1802, 
  Ann. 
  Mus. 
  Nat. 
  Hist. 
  Nat., 
  t. 
  1, 
  p. 
  311; 
  Eocene. 
  Paris 
  Basin. 
  Coss- 
  

   MAXN 
  AND 
  PissARRO, 
  1910-1913, 
  Icon. 
  comp. 
  Coq. 
  foss. 
  fiocene 
  Env. 
  Paris, 
  t. 
  2, 
  pi. 
  XH, 
  

   figs. 
  74-1 
  

  

  Hipponix 
  tumens 
  Carpenter 
  

   (PI. 
  21, 
  figs. 
  1-3) 
  

   Hipponix 
  tumens 
  Carpenter, 
  1864b, 
  p. 
  SiJ. 
  541, 
  Monterey, 
  identification 
  questioned, 
  654; 
  Re- 
  

   print. 
  1872. 
  p. 
  23. 
  27, 
  140; 
  1865, 
  Ann. 
  Mag. 
  Nat. 
  Hi.st.. 
  ser. 
  3. 
  vol. 
  XV, 
  p. 
  180; 
  Reprint, 
  

   1872. 
  p. 
  282; 
  Cooper. 
  1867 
  Geog. 
  Cat. 
  AIoll., 
  Geo!. 
  Sur. 
  California, 
  p. 
  27 
  Hippon-vx; 
  

   Tryon, 
  1886, 
  Man. 
  Conch., 
  vol. 
  VIII, 
  p. 
  135, 
  not 
  pi. 
  40, 
  fig. 
  7; 
  Keep, 
  187, 
  West 
  Coast 
  

   Shells, 
  p. 
  75 
  Hipponxx: 
  Arnold. 
  1903. 
  p. 
  313; 
  Dall, 
  1921. 
  p. 
  161 
  ; 
  Strong, 
  1923. 
  Nautilus, 
  

   vol. 
  i7, 
  no. 
  2. 
  p. 
  43; 
  Oi.droyd. 
  1927. 
  vol. 
  II, 
  pt. 
  Ill 
  p. 
  113; 
  Grant 
  and 
  Gale. 
  1931. 
  p. 
  788 
  

   see 
  for 
  additional 
  references; 
  Snook 
  and 
  Johnson. 
  1935, 
  Seashore 
  Animals, 
  p. 
  536. 
  fig. 
  

   596; 
  Baily. 
  1935, 
  West 
  Coast 
  Shells. 
  (Keep), 
  p. 
  189; 
  Keen, 
  1937, 
  p. 
  2,7; 
  Burch, 
  1946, 
  

   no. 
  56, 
  p. 
  10. 
  11; 
  Woodring, 
  Bramlette, 
  and 
  Kew, 
  1946. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Geol. 
  Sur., 
  Prof. 
  Paper 
  

   207. 
  p. 
  70 
  ; 
  Smith 
  and 
  Gordon, 
  1948, 
  California 
  Acad. 
  Sci., 
  Proc, 
  ser. 
  4, 
  vol. 
  XXVI, 
  p. 
  

   197 
  

   Capiilus 
  tumens 
  (Carpenter). 
  Cooper. 
  1870, 
  Amer. 
  Jour. 
  Conch., 
  vol. 
  VI, 
  p. 
  64 
  

   Amalthea 
  tumens 
  (Carpenter), 
  Wu.liamson, 
  1892, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Nat. 
  !Mus., 
  Proc, 
  vol. 
  XV, 
  no. 
  898, 
  

  

  p. 
  204 
  

   Hipponix 
  subrufus 
  tumens 
  Carpenter, 
  Abbott, 
  1954. 
  p. 
  166 
  

  

  "Growth 
  like 
  Helcion 
  : 
  sculpture 
  more 
  open 
  than 
  harhatus." 
  [Carpenter, 
  1864b, 
  p. 
  654] 
  

  

  The 
  above 
  description 
  was 
  based 
  on 
  material 
  from 
  Monterey, 
  San 
  Diego, 
  San 
  Pedro, 
  and 
  

   Santa 
  Barbara 
  Islands. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  corrections 
  and 
  additions 
  should 
  be 
  made 
  to 
  the 
  copy 
  of 
  Carpenter's 
  de- 
  

   scription 
  (1865) 
  as 
  published 
  by 
  Oldroyd 
  (1927) 
  to 
  make 
  that 
  copy 
  complete: 
  

  

  Line 
  1 
  : 
  read 
  "rotundata" 
  for 
  "rotundara 
  ;" 
  page 
  114, 
  line 
  1 
  : 
  read 
  "incrementi" 
  for 
  "incre- 
  

   mente;" 
  line 
  3: 
  read 
  .7 
  for 
  7; 
  .46 
  for 
  46; 
  .33 
  for 
  33; 
  delete 
  "poll." 
  

  

  Add: 
  

  

  "div. 
  90° 
  

  

  "Hah. 
  Sta. 
  Barbara 
  (Jezvctt) 
  ; 
  S. 
  Pedro 
  (Cooper). 
  

  

  "= 
  'H. 
  ? 
  subrufa 
  + 
  'Capulus, 
  213', 
  Brit. 
  Assoc. 
  Rep. 
  1857, 
  p. 
  230." 
  [Carpenter, 
  1865h, 
  

   p. 
  180] 
  

  

  The 
  type 
  material 
  consists 
  of 
  four 
  specimens 
  in 
  the 
  U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum 
  labelled, 
  "San 
  

   Diego 
  Monterey 
  Sta. 
  Barbara." 
  Largest 
  specimen 
  is 
  figured 
  herein. 
  

  

  Apparently 
  the 
  four 
  specimens 
  were 
  concentrated 
  under 
  the 
  no. 
  14929 
  without 
  differentiat- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  locality 
  of 
  each 
  specimen. 
  The 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  label 
  bears 
  numbers 
  14817b, 
  15293, 
  

   15652, 
  15715. 
  It 
  is, 
  therefore, 
  impossible 
  to 
  stipulate 
  the 
  exact 
  locality 
  of 
  a 
  lectotype. 
  Oldroyd 
  

   mentioned 
  Santa 
  Barbara, 
  probably 
  because 
  it 
  is 
  mentioned 
  first 
  in 
  the 
  description 
  (1865). 
  

   Woodring, 
  Bramlette, 
  and 
  Kew 
  (1946) 
  stated 
  that 
  the 
  four 
  specimens 
  above 
  came 
  from 
  Mon- 
  

   terey. 
  However, 
  from 
  the 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  syntypes 
  a 
  selection 
  of 
  type 
  locality 
  would 
  have 
  to 
  

   be 
  arbitrary. 
  

  

  Dimnuions, 
  syntypes. 
  — 
  Greatest 
  length 
  from 
  umbo 
  to 
  aperture 
  18 
  mm.; 
  height 
  8 
  mm.; 
  

   greatest 
  diameter 
  of 
  aperture 
  12 
  mm. 
  (largest) 
  ; 
  greatest 
  length 
  5 
  m. 
  ; 
  height 
  2 
  mm. 
  ; 
  greatest 
  

   diameter 
  5 
  mm. 
  (smallest). 
  

  

  Syntypes.— 
  IJ. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum, 
  no. 
  14929 
  (14817b. 
  15293, 
  15652. 
  15715) 
  

  

  Distribution. 
  — 
  Recent. 
  San 
  Diego, 
  Monterey, 
  Santa 
  Barbara 
  Island, 
  (type; 
  syntypes 
  are 
  

   not 
  separated 
  as 
  to 
  exact 
  locality 
  of 
  each) 
  ; 
  Crescent 
  City, 
  California, 
  to 
  Clarion 
  Island 
  [Re- 
  

   villagigedo 
  Islands] 
  (Burch). 
  Pleistocene. 
  California 
  (Arnold; 
  Chace, 
  1919; 
  Oldroyd, 
  1925; 
  

   Grant 
  and 
  Gale; 
  Willett, 
  1937; 
  Woodring, 
  Bramlette. 
  and 
  Kew); 
  Mexico 
  (Jordan, 
  1926; 
  

   Hertlein, 
  1934) 
  

  

  s* 
  The 
  original 
  spelling 
  is 
  Hipponix. 
  Hipponyx 
  Defrance 
  (Blainville, 
  1819, 
  p. 
  9) 
  is 
  only 
  

   notice 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  article, 
  fide 
  Smith 
  (1906, 
  p. 
  123). 
  

  

  