﻿262 
  MARINE 
  MOLLlTSCA 
  DESCRIBED 
  BY 
  P. 
  P. 
  CARPENTER 
  

  

  C. 
  cinereus 
  Linnaeus]. 
  Recent. 
  Circumboreal. 
  Northern 
  Europe; 
  Greenland 
  to 
  Massachu- 
  

   setts 
  Bay 
  ; 
  Arctic 
  Ocean 
  to 
  San 
  Diego, 
  Cahfornia 
  

  

  For 
  the 
  differences 
  between 
  "Lepidopleitrns 
  asellus 
  (Spengler)" 
  and 
  "Trachydcrmon 
  

   cinereus 
  (Linnaeus)," 
  see 
  Christiansen 
  (1954). 
  

  

  "Leptochiton 
  crassus 
  Carpenter" 
  nomcn 
  nudum 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  a 
  specimen 
  in 
  the 
  Redpath 
  Museum 
  (no. 
  11) 
  labelled 
  by 
  Carpenter 
  "Leptochiton 
  

   crassus 
  Cpr. 
  'unique 
  type' 
  S. 
  Diego 
  under 
  rocks 
  in 
  sand 
  extreme 
  low 
  tide 
  Hemphill." 
  

  

  The 
  writer 
  has 
  found 
  no 
  reference 
  to 
  such 
  a 
  species 
  in 
  literature. 
  It 
  apparently 
  applied 
  to 
  

   a 
  species 
  which 
  Carpenter 
  intended 
  to 
  describe. 
  

  

  Leptochiton 
  internexus 
  Carpenter 
  in 
  Pilsbry 
  

   (PL 
  28, 
  figs. 
  3-6) 
  

  

  Lepidopleurus 
  internexus 
  Carpenter 
  ms., 
  in 
  Pilsbry, 
  1892 
  Man. 
  Conch., 
  vol. 
  XIV, 
  p. 
  12; 
  

  

  Dall, 
  1921, 
  p. 
  186 
  section 
  Lcpidochiton; 
  Oldroyo, 
  1927, 
  vol. 
  II, 
  pt. 
  Ill, 
  p. 
  247 
  section 
  

  

  Leptochiton 
  

   Leptochiton 
  internexus 
  (Carpenter), 
  Dall, 
  1878, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Nat. 
  Mus., 
  vol. 
  I, 
  p. 
  316, 
  319; 
  

  

  Smith 
  in 
  Burch, 
  1947, 
  no. 
  66, 
  p. 
  5 
  ; 
  BuRcn, 
  1947, 
  no. 
  66, 
  p. 
  17 
  

   Lepidopleurus 
  {Leptochiton) 
  internexus 
  ("Carpenter"), 
  Baily, 
  1935, 
  West 
  Coast 
  Shells 
  

  

  (Keep), 
  p. 
  28 
  

  

  Pilsbry 
  used 
  Carpenter's 
  ms. 
  name 
  for 
  this 
  species 
  and 
  quoted 
  Carpenter's 
  description. 
  

   Therefore, 
  the 
  holotype 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  Carpenter. 
  It 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Aluseum 
  and 
  figured 
  

   herein 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  time. 
  The 
  type 
  has 
  the 
  label, 
  "Cp. 
  1080 
  P. 
  P. 
  Carpenter 
  Type." 
  The 
  

   species, 
  however, 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  credited 
  to 
  Carpenter 
  alone 
  as 
  it 
  has 
  been.^^^ 
  

  

  Oldroyd 
  (1927) 
  republished 
  the 
  original 
  description 
  from 
  Pilsbry. 
  

  

  Dimensions. 
  — 
  Length 
  (tangent 
  to 
  arc) 
  4.5 
  mm.; 
  width 
  3+ 
  mm. 
  (type) 
  

  

  Holotype. 
  — 
  U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum, 
  no. 
  30750 
  

  

  Distribution. 
  — 
  Santa 
  Barbara, 
  California 
  (type) 
  ; 
  Belkoffski, 
  Alaska, 
  to 
  San 
  Diego, 
  

   California 
  (Dall) 
  

  

  Leptochiton 
  nexus 
  Carpenter 
  

   (PI. 
  28, 
  fig. 
  2) 
  

  

  Lcpidochiton 
  nexus 
  Carpenter, 
  1864b, 
  p. 
  612, 
  650; 
  Reprint, 
  1872, 
  p. 
  98, 
  136; 
  1866, 
  Cali- 
  

   fornia 
  Acad. 
  Sci., 
  Proc, 
  vol. 
  Ill, 
  p. 
  212; 
  Cooper, 
  1867, 
  Geog. 
  Cat. 
  Moll., 
  Geol. 
  Sur. 
  

   California, 
  p. 
  23; 
  Dall, 
  1878, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Nat. 
  Mus., 
  Proc, 
  vol. 
  1, 
  p. 
  316, 
  319; 
  Pilsbry, 
  1892, 
  

   Man. 
  Conch., 
  vol. 
  XIV, 
  p. 
  11; 
  Smith 
  in 
  Burch, 
  1947, 
  no. 
  66, 
  p. 
  6; 
  Burch, 
  1947, 
  no. 
  

   66, 
  p. 
  17; 
  Smith 
  and 
  Gordon, 
  1948, 
  California 
  Acad. 
  Sci., 
  Proc, 
  ser. 
  4, 
  vol. 
  XXVI, 
  

   p. 
  205 
  Pacific 
  Grove 
  record 
  needs 
  confirmation 
  

  

  Chiton 
  (Leptochiton) 
  nexus 
  Carpenter, 
  Dall 
  in 
  Orcutt, 
  1886, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Nat. 
  AIus., 
  vol. 
  8, 
  

   P- 
  544 
  

  

  Lepidopleurus 
  nexus 
  (Carpenter), 
  Dall, 
  1921, 
  p. 
  187 
  section 
  Xiphwzona; 
  Oldroyd, 
  1927. 
  

   vol. 
  II, 
  pt. 
  Ill, 
  p. 
  251 
  section 
  Xiphiozona; 
  Willett, 
  1935, 
  Nautilus, 
  vol. 
  49, 
  no. 
  2, 
  p. 
  42 
  

   includes 
  L. 
  heathi 
  Berry, 
  1919, 
  California 
  Acad. 
  Sci., 
  Proc, 
  ser. 
  4, 
  vol. 
  IX, 
  no. 
  1, 
  p. 
  6 
  

   and 
  L. 
  ambustus 
  Dall, 
  1919, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Nat. 
  Mus., 
  Proc, 
  vol. 
  55, 
  p. 
  499 
  as 
  synonymous 
  

  

  Lepidopleurus 
  (Xiphozona) 
  nexus 
  Carpenter), 
  Baily, 
  1935, 
  West 
  Coast 
  Moll. 
  (Keep), 
  p. 
  28 
  

  

  "Like 
  asellus: 
  scarcely 
  sculptured: 
  mantel-margin 
  with 
  striated 
  chaflfy 
  scales, 
  like 
  

   Magdalensis, 
  interspersed 
  with 
  transparent 
  needles. 
  20-80 
  fni. 
  Cp." 
  [Carpenter, 
  1864b, 
  

   p. 
  650] 
  

  

  first 
  writing 
  of 
  the 
  name. 
  C. 
  cinereus 
  Montagu 
  [not 
  Linnaeus] 
  = 
  C. 
  albus 
  [Linnaeus, 
  1767]. 
  

   This 
  is 
  the 
  interpretation 
  followed 
  herein 
  and 
  by 
  modern 
  West 
  Coast 
  students 
  (not 
  Dall, 
  

   1921). 
  

  

  135 
  It 
  is 
  confusing 
  to 
  use 
  the 
  expressions 
  as 
  in 
  Dall 
  (1921, 
  p. 
  186, 
  190, 
  191. 
  192, 
  194, 
  196) 
  

   "Carpenter, 
  1892" 
  and 
  "Carpenter, 
  1878" 
  meaning 
  "Carpenter 
  in 
  Pilsbry, 
  1892" 
  and 
  Carpen- 
  

   ter 
  in 
  Dall, 
  1878." 
  Since 
  Carpenter 
  died 
  in 
  1877 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  publications 
  by 
  him 
  of 
  those 
  

   dates. 
  To 
  persons 
  not 
  familiar 
  with 
  the 
  history 
  of 
  tlie 
  literature 
  of 
  West 
  Coast 
  chitons 
  such 
  

   references 
  may 
  entail 
  needless 
  work. 
  

  

  