THE VISCERAL CAVITY 11 



29. It lies in the pericardial cavity, which is surrounded 



by 



30. a thin glistening membrane, the pericardium, which 

 separates the pericardial cavity from 



31. the abdominal cavity, or ccelome, which contains 

 the remaining viscera. 



32. This cavity is lined by a membrane which continues 

 over the viscera and is called the peritoneum. 



33. The most conspicuous organ of the viscera is the 

 liver, a large, dark, reddish brown gland just caudal 

 to the heart. Between its two lobes 



34. the dark green gall bladder may sometimes be seen. 



35. Caudal to the liver and partially concealed by its 

 lobes is the large, white, U-shaped stomach. 



36. Sometimes the pancreas, a yellow, flat, and elongated 

 gland with irregular lobes, may be seen at the point 

 where the stomach joins the 



37. duodenum, or cephalic portion of the intestine, not 

 always visible when the organs are undisturbed. 



38. The urinary bladder is very large and has a thin 

 wall. It is best demonstrated in a fresh specimen by 

 inserting a blowpipe into the vent and distending it 

 with air. 



39. The large ovaries filled with black and white eggs 

 are the most prominent structures visible in a mature 

 female at certain seasons of the year. 



Drawing 3. Make a sketch (xl) of the viscera as 

 they lie in place without disturbing them. If your 

 specimen is a mature female, turn to page 18 and work 

 out the structure of the female reproductive system 

 before continuing. 



