INDEX 



221 



Spawning — 

 associations with weather, 126-9, 



131-47, 209 

 choice of site, 157-8 

 influence of rain, temperature and 

 sunshine on, 146 

 Sperm emission stimulus, 170-1 

 Strawinski, 53-4, 56 

 Subject, choice of, 196-7 

 Sunshine, influence on spawning, 



1 40- 1 

 Surface films as food for tadpoles, 32, 



47, 49 

 Swammerdam, 12, 159 

 Synura uvcUa, 113 

 Syrrophus manwckii, 84 



Tables, 2x2, use of, 184 

 Tadpoles — 



aggregations of, 19-23 



anatomy of, 48-53 



attacks by leeches, 65-6 



behaviour of, 24-42 



cellulose digestion in, 44-5 



C98, 46, 48, 55 



differences in size in a pond, 25-42, 



203-4 

 digestive physiology, 44-7, 50, 52 

 digestive structure, drawings of, 48 

 diseases, 58-9 

 food of, 44-7, 49 

 growth rates, 25-42 



graphs, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 

 37, 38, 39 



graphs in isolated populations, 39 

 lungs of, 54-6 



drawings of, 48 

 mortality, method of calculating, 



using Polystotna infestation rates, 



207 

 and Polystotna, relation of their Hfe 



history, 59-64 

 predators of, 65 

 psychology, 41 

 respiration in, 53-6 



effect on ecology, 56 

 shortage of food for, 40 

 significance of weight variations, 



203-4 



Tadpoles {contd.) — 



young, nutrition, 16-18, 22 



young, tropisms, 20 

 Techniques in ecology, variety of, 196 

 Temperature — 



and breeding cycle, 121 



effect at the time of spawning, 127-31 



and rainfill, effect on spawn date, 

 132-9, 141 



and sunshine, effect on spawn date, 

 141-2 

 Thermal death points, eggs, i, 5 

 Thomas, 47 



Thromboplastins, lo-ii, 14 

 Tilapia, 46 

 Tinbergen, 154-5, 165, 174, 197 



Tippett, 184 

 Trends, 196 

 Trihydrol, 136 

 Triturits heheticiis, 78 

 Tropisms, 20, 154 



Unclasping stimulus, 171 

 Underwater feeding, 96 



Variance, analysis, 183, 185 

 Velum of tadpole, 50-1 

 Veryard, 114 

 Voice — 



female, 173 



male, 111-12 

 Volpe, 9 

 Volvox globator, 44 



Waring, Landgrebe, and Neill, 169, 



175 

 Water composition, significance of the 



association of frogs-ponds with, 



206-7 

 Water, running, spawning in, 157-9 

 Weather and spawning, associations, 



statistical proofs, 209-10 

 Williams, 177, 178, 181, 195 

 Witschi, 8 



Wolterstorff, 97, 108 

 Wright and Wright, 15 



Xenopus laevis, 19, 42, 50-1, 164 



Zeller, 59, 64 



V^VixiOA,^ 



