CONTENTS 9 



The Alimentary Canal Ifi6 



The Esophagus 167 



The Amphibian Esophagus 1(57 



The Reptilian Esophagus 167 



The Mammalian Esophagus 168 



The Stomach 169 



The Fish Stomach 169 



The Stomach of Amphibia 171 



The Stomach of Reptiles 171 



The Mammalian Stomach 171 



The Small Intestine 173 



The Small Intestine of Fishes 174 



The Small Intestine of Amphibia 174 



The Reptilian Small Intestine 175 



The Small Intestine of Mammals 175 



The Large Intestine 178 



The Large Intestine of Elasmobranchs 178 



The Large Intestine of Amphibia 179 



The Large Intestine of Reptiles 179 



The Mammalian Large Intestine 179 



The Rectum and Anus of Mammals 181 



The Cloaca 181 



The Pancreas 181 



The Liver 184 



Lower Vertebrates 184 



Mammalian Liver 185 



The Gall-bladder 190 



CHAPTER XII. 



The Excretory System. 



The Pronephios 193 



The Mesonephros 193 



Kidney of the Frog 194 



The Metanephros 196 



Mammalian Ividney 197 



The Nephridial Tubule 199 



Blood Supply of the Kidney 201 



The Ureters '. 202 



Mesonephric Duct 202 



Metanephric Duct * .... 203 



The Bladder 204 



The Urethra 207 



CHAPTER XIII. 



The Female Reproductive System. 



Ovaries 209 



Fishes 210 



Amphibians 211 



Reptiles 212 



Mammals 213 



Maturing Primary Follicles 216 



0\nilation 216 



Corpus Luteiun 217 



Corpus Luteum Spurium 218 



Corpus Luteum Verum 219 



The Oviducts 219 



Amphibia 220 



Reptiles and Birds 221 



