496 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 14 



4. Proximal lip of aperture with 2 to 4 small forward-projecting 



denticles tridenticulata 



Proximal border of aperture incomplete, with a small slightly 

 asymmetrical notch which varies somewhat 5 



5. Heavily brown or gray pigmented ; interzooecial avicularia large, 



long-elliptical, the mandible with a dark brown spade-shaped 



columella; 2 spines brunnea 



Unpigmented ; interzooecial avicularia small, with broad border- 

 ing sclerites and narrow median columella ; 4 spines . quadrispinosa 



Holoporella brunnea (Hincks), 1884 

 Plate 62, figs. 10-12 



Cellepora brunnea Hincks, 1884:30. 



?Smittm calif orniensis Robertson, 1908:303 (in part). 



Cellepora brunnea, O'Donoghue, 1926:75. 



Holoporella brunnea, Hastings, 1930:731. 



? Holoporella vagans, Canu and Bassler, 1928 :148. 



?H oloporella vaffans, Oshurn, 1940:456; 1947:44. 



The zoarium encrusts anything that affords attachment, algae, stems, 

 worm tubes, shells, rocks, etc., usually forming rough nodules or massive 

 bases with more or less erect frills and cylindrical offshoots; encrusting 

 colonies sometimes as much as 50 mm across and 10 mm thick, erect, 

 rough colonies as much as 60 mm high with rough branches 6 to 12 mm 

 in diameter. Hincks described the color as "rather dark brown" and this 

 seems to be the case with more northern specimens; off the coast of 

 southern California they are more grayish in color, but occasional 

 colonies are entirely white. 



The zooecia are moderately large, the procumbent ones at the grow- 

 ing edge 0.60 to 0.75 mm long by about 0.40 mm wide ■ in the secondary 

 layers the zooecia are all more or less erected and turned in every direc- 

 tion. The frontal is inflated, rising on all sides to the primary aperture, 

 with a row of areolar pores and often with a few additional ones; the 

 surface is smooth or granular, or occasionally ribbed. The avicularian 

 umbo proximal to the aperture varies greatly; on the secondary layers 

 it is usually small, but on the marginal zooecia it rises in a cylindrical 

 form occasionally as high as 0.20 to 0.30 mm ; the avicularium is borne 

 on the distal side, the nearly semicircular mandible varying in size 

 and the beak delicately dentate. The primary aperture averages 0.16 

 mm long, 0.14 mm wide, the proximal border nearly straight with a 



