86 THE OCEAN 



is above the mean, the lowest temperature 

 (45° F.) occurring in the sea between Australia 

 and Java, and the highest (over 53° F.) in the 

 open ocean to the east and south of Mada- 

 gascar, and in the Red Sea and the entrance 

 thereto. 



At a depth of 500 fathoms marked changes 

 in the distribution of temperature over the 

 Atlantic are observable as compared with 

 lesser depths : nearly the whole of the South 

 Atlantic is below the mean, whereas nearly 

 the whole of the North Atlantic is above 

 the mean, the highest temperature (54° F.) 

 being found immediately to the west of 

 Gibraltar as the effect of the undercurrent 

 from the Mediterranean. In the North Pacific 

 no region of high temperature is to be seen, 

 but in the South Pacific there is a well-marked 

 area between Australia and New Zealand, 

 where the temperature rises to 44° F. The 

 temperature conditions in the Indian Ocean are 

 similar to those at 300 fathoms, the highest 

 temperature in the open ocean being 46° F. 

 to the south-east of Madagascar. 



At a depth of 700 fathoms the high tem- 

 perature in the North Atlantic from the 

 Straits of Gibraltar (where the temperature 

 is 51° F.) ocean wards is still the striking 

 feature of the temperature. The highest 

 temperature in the Pacific is 40° F. to the 



