COPEPODA 67 



South-east of Iceland: St. 133. 63°i4 L. N. ii°24L. W. 9/g 96 1-30 p.m. P. 100— o fin. Temp, at surface 



io-8° C. 2 ?, 2 yc? (V). 

 St. 58. 64°25L. N. i2°09L. W. ^% 96 3 p.m. P. 100— ofm. Temp, at surface 

 1-2° C. 7 ?, 2 y? iV), 2 y? (IV), 2 y^ |V), 2 yc? (IV), i y (III). 

 North-east of Iceland : St. 105. 65°34 h. N. 7°20 h. W. "/? 6-30 p. m. 96. Closing net. 700 fm. 11 ?, 2 yj* (V). 



St. 104. 66°23lv. N. 7''25L. W. "/-j 5-30 a. m. Closing net. 850 fm. i ?. 

 Kast of the P'seroes: 6o°05 L. N. i°i8 L. E. 'Vs ii-45— 3-45 p. m. 96. Cyl. 46. i yd*. 



West of the Faroes: 6o"'28 L. N. i2°ioIv. W. the East-Greenland Exp. has ^5/^ 1900 F. 397 



taken 1 y c? (V). 

 The mentioned expedition has besides taken the species from the polar seas east of Greenland. 

 74°28 L. N. i5°3o L. W. ■% 1900 Closing net no— 40 fm. 2 y ? (V), 2 y? (IV), 2 y<? (V), 2 yc? ;IV). 



72°02L,. N. 2i°2oL. W. '7? ^900 6 a.m. Closing net 35— lofm. i ?, i y$ (V), i y? (IV), 2 yc? (V), 



2 yc? (IV). 

 Distribution. The Af. pygmccus G. O. S. was originally captured by Nans en (78° N. 13-6° E.) 

 in considerable numbers north of the New Siberian Islands in October 1893; by Bruce it was taken 

 at Novaya Zemlya "/e 1900 and by Schaudin at Spitsbergen 8i°32 L. N. The most important con- 

 tribution to its distribution in the polar seas and to its biology has been pubHshed by Damas and 

 Koefoed in the "Due d'Orleans". It has been taken at almost all the stations in the polar seas be- 

 tween Spitsbergen and Greenland as far east as io°42 Long. East and as far west as 18^22 Long. West, 

 as far north as 8o°i7 Lat. North and as far south as 75°35 Lat. North between ^^e and '^g 1905. The 

 authors write (p. 396) ^'•Microcalanus pygmcetis possede une grande amplitude verticale : il s'observe en- 

 core en abondance entre i-8oo et i-200 metres (St. 17) et ne manque dans aucun des echantillons pro- 

 fondes. II remont frequemment a la surface. Nos peclies prouvent que son niveau habituel est au 

 dessous de 100 metres". As all the information about each species, which is found under the gatherings 

 for each station, has not been collected for each species, I have tried to do it for Microcalanus pyg- 

 vicnis. Near the surface it has only been found: at St. 13 (0—20 metres, T. 0-30° C, Salin. 33^30 7oo, 7? 

 4-45 p. m.), at St. 30 (0-5 metres, T. 1-20° C, Sal. 31-32700 '7; S p. m.) and at St. 43 (0—20 met. T. 0-98° 



=- 1-64° C. Sal. 32700 Vs 3 p- m.). As the salinity at which this species has been found lies between 



31-10 7oo and 35 7oo the said authors may be right (p. 406) in referring it to the intermediary group of 

 species, which in the Norwegian Sea exceptionally are observed "a la surface surtout pendant la unit 

 et dans les eudroit-s, ou la salinite est elevee"; but their final statement, indicating a difference in the 

 vertical distribution in the different seas, about M. pygmaus (13.407) "a) Dans la Bassin polaire: con- 

 state a de faibles profundeurs. b) Dans la Mer du Gronland: principalement vers 100 metres; existe 

 depuis la surface jusque a 1850 metres, c) Dans la Mer de Norvege: sourtout aboudant entre 200 et 

 600 metres", is neither born out by their own material (tab. II) nor by the information available in 

 the literature. The species has not yet been recorded from the Norwegian Sea. The temperature, at 

 which this species has been found even in great numbers (cc) at different depths, varies from -=- 1-75 

 to -|~2-i5°C. ; it has been found fairly common (+) at 3-81° C, but its optimums temperature seems 

 to be a little below and a little above Zero. Adult males have been found at 11 stations in the Green- 

 land Sea between 's/^ and '78) "^ vertical hauls from 60 to 20 and from 1000 to 800 metres and at 



9* 



