50 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, 



from different conntries and uuder varied climatic conditions (E. S. R., 24, p. 

 740). The results thus far secured from tests started at Brodie Castle, Scot- 

 land, and at Oxford, England, are here reported. 



Uses of commercial woods of the United States, II, Pines, W. L. Hall 

 and H. Maxwell {U. S. Dcpt. Agr., Forest ^crv. BaJ. 99, pp. 96). — This is the 

 second of a series of bulletins treating of the commercial woods of the United 

 States (E. S. R., 25, p. 646). Thirty-seven species of pine growing in tlie 

 United States are considered in turn relative to their physical properties, 

 supply, and uses. 



I Experimental rubber plantings in the Kongo], H. G. Mackie {Diplo. and 

 Cons. Rpts. [London], Ann. 8er., 1911, No. J/l'SO, pp. 8-10). — A brief progress 

 report on experimental plantings of Hevea hrasiliensis, Funtiimia elastica, 

 Manihot glaziovii, and other species of rubber, including notes on a number of 

 wild rubber species found in the forest lands of the Kongo. 



The coagulation of Ficus elastica latex, V. Cayla (Jour. Agr. Trop., 11 

 {1911), No. 118, p. 125; aU. in Agr. Neics [Barbados], 10 (1911), No. 2-',6, p. 

 309). — A new method employed in Java is described, which consists in the 

 encouragement of coagulation by the addition of a coagulated latex. Each 

 day about a pint of the thickest latex is taken and coagulation started by 

 stirring with a wooden spatula. When it has arrived at the proper stage, 

 this latex is added to the ordinary thin latex and the rubber separates out in 

 about a quarter of an hour instead of in several hours as in the old method 

 of beating the latex. 



The whole art of rubber growing, W. Wicheeley (London, 1911, pp. 151f, 

 figs. 27). — This work, which is based principally on rubber cultivation in 

 tropical Asia, is intended as a handbook and guide to the selection, planting, 

 and exploitation of the rubber yielding species which have proved to be adapted 

 to countries and climates other than those to which they are indigenous. 



Volatilization of various fractions of creosote after their injection into 

 wood, C. H. Teesdale (U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Serv. Circ. 188, pp. 5, fig. 1). — 

 Forty-eight specimens of sap loblolly pine were treated with various fractions 

 of coal-tar creosote to determine the relative values of these fractious in pro- 

 tecting piling fi-om the attacks of marine wood borers. The si)ecimens were 

 allowed to stand in the laboratory, open-piled, for 2 months or longer after the 

 treatment in a temperature of from 60 to 80° F. They were weighed immedi- 

 ately before and after the treatment and at least once a week during the time 

 they were piled. Data are given showing the distillation limits and yields in 

 the redistillation of creosote, rate of volatilization of creosote fractions and 

 creosote from treated wood, volatilization of oil from the wood 2 months after 

 treatment, and the moisture content of the wood at the time of treatment. 



Of 5 different fractions the lightest fraction lost at the end of 2 months 

 34.7 per cent of the average absorption per cubic foot, whereas the heaviest 

 fraction lost only 4 per cent; commercial creosote losing 5.4 per cent. The 

 results indicate the lighter fractions of creosote when separated by dis- 

 tillation and separately injected into sap loblolly pine will volatilize much 

 more rapidly than the came fractions combined in the original creosote. It 

 is suggested that when creosote containing both low-boiling and high-boiling 

 oils is injected into wood the light oils volatilize chiefly in the outer portions 

 of the wood and leave oil that is much less volatile, thereby sealing up the 

 outer cells and preventing volatilization of the lighter oils in the interior of 

 the wood. It is inferred that creosote to be of most value, at least for treating 

 loblolly pine, should therefore contain considerable quantities of these high- 

 boiliug fractious. 



