HOETICULTURB. 137 



the crop was lost. The author reports that C. P. Gillette has obtained similar 

 results from statistics gathered in Colorado. The author concludes that free- 

 dom from wormy fruit is more dependent on a thorough application when the 

 trees are in blossom than upon the number of sprays given. " The calyx cup 

 must be filled, and this demands high pressure, the Bordeaux nozzle, crook, and 

 tower." 



Peach growing in Alabama, P. F. Williams and J. C. C. Price { Alabama 

 Col. Sta. Bill. 156, pp. 109-l'i2, figs. 5, charts 6). — A popular treatise discussing 

 location, site, preparation of the land, selection of trees, planting operations, 

 fertilizers, pruning, subsequent care of the orchard, insects and diseases and 

 their control, thinning, harvesting, packing, marketing, by-products, and selec- 

 tion of varieties. Descriptive notes on varieties tested at the station follow, 

 together with charts showing the date of opening of buds in 1911, including 

 normal blooming and ripening dates at the station, and charts showing the 

 maximum and minimum temperatures recorded at the station by the horticul- 

 tural department for the years 1904 to 1911, inclusive, during the peach 

 blooming period. 



The geotropic angle of the roots in relation to the development of the leaf 

 perimeter and the productiveness of grapes, R. Averna-Sacca {Ann. R. Staz. 

 Vhim. Agr. Sper. Roma, 2. ser., 4 (1910), pp. 199-251, figs. 3). — In a previous 

 investigation (E. S. R., 22, p. 144) the author found from a study of various 

 species and varieties of grapes grown under similar conditions that there is a 

 correlation between yield, sugar content, and acidity and the amplitude of the 

 angle formed by the median nerve and the exterior lateral nerve of the leaf, 

 the greater the angle of amplitude the greater the yield of grapes and the sugar 

 content of the must. He then sought to determine what relation, if any, ex- 

 isted between the geotropic, or initial, angle of the secondary roots and the 

 development of the leaf perimeter. The results are tabulated and discussed. 



The investigation as a whole shows that the amplitude angle of the secondary 

 roots may vary from an acute angle to almost a right angle. The amplitude is 

 constant for the same species, variety, or race but varies between different 

 species, varieties, and races. It appears to coincide with the amplitude of the 

 axillary angle of the vegetative shoots and also with that of the leaf perimeter. 

 Under similar soil and cultural conditions, the yield and the must of a given 

 species, variety, or race of grapes increase as to sugar content with the increase 

 in the amplitude of the different angles. 



jGrape growing and grafting, DtJMMLER (Ber. Grossh. Bad. Landw. Vers. 

 Anst. August enltcrg, 1910, pp. 87-104). — A progress report on the work of the 

 grape nursery and the grafting experiments at the agricultural experiment sta- 

 tion at Augustenberg, Grand Duchy of Baden. Tabular data are given showing 

 the condition of various scions grafted on different stocks, together with observa- 

 tions on the different stocks used and on the older grafted vines. 



On the duration of grafted vines and means of prolonging it, G. Couderc 

 (Prog. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. VEst-Centre), 32 (1911), Nos. 40, pp. 396-407; 41, PP- 

 426-435, fig. 1). — ^A paper on this subject, in which the author presents a num- 

 ber of instances to show that the grafted vineyard in general has a limited and 

 inferior duration to that of the old vineyards. 



He concludes that all of the American vines are attacked by phylloxera and 

 that they will all succumb to the attack when the cultural conditions are un- 

 favorable. A number of these stocks, however, are sufficiently immune to make 

 superior and durable vineyards under proper cultural treatment. To prolong 

 the life of grafted vines, he advocates deep working of the soil and liberal 

 nourishment of the plants every 3 or 4 years with heavy applications of stable 

 manure, supplemented by commercial fertilizers. This enables the vines to 



