138 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



develop a vigorous supply of new roots and thus overcome the attacks of the 

 phylloxera. 



Another means of prolonging the line of the vines is by employing the 

 " adjuvant " graft, or the use of 2 stocks for 1 scion. Experiments with com- 

 panion stocks have shovm that they have a greater period of duration than 

 either of the stocks used alone. By using a series of " adjuvant " stocks, the 

 author has been able to flower and fruit vine cuttings the first season. This is 

 accomplished by grafting a stock having one internode and a good root system 

 under each eye along the length of the cutting, which remains in a horizontal 

 position. 



The hybrid producers in 1910, Pee Laby (Jour. Soc. Cent. Agr. Haute- 

 Garonne, 21 (.1911), No. 218, pp. 27-^2).— This comprises a report for 1910 

 relative to the resistance of various direct bearing hybrid grapes to the mil- 

 dews and insect attacks, as well as their adaptability to difCerent soil conditions. 



In spite of the intensity of the mildew in 1910, a number of the hybrids were 

 found to be sufficiently resistant without any form of treatment. An important 

 fact brought out was that a number of the hybrids which were supposed to 

 possess strong power of resistance will not prove resistant during such seasons 

 as 1910 unless given a certain number of treatment with sulphate of copper. 

 Thus handled they were much more resistant than the French vines which were 

 repentedly sprayed. 



The olives of Corfu, J. B. Sordina (Ann. Ecole IS! at. Agr. Montpellier, n. ser., 

 11 (1911), No. 2, pp. 108-lJf7, pis. Jf, map 1). — ^This comprises a preliminary 

 agrogeologic study of the olive industry on the island of Corfu, in which the 

 author considers the growth of the olive in relation to the various geologic 

 formations of the island. 



The Satsuma orange, P. F. Williams (Aladama Col. Sta. Bui. 157, pp. l.'tS- 

 171), figs. 8). — A popular treatise dealing particularly with the culture and 

 adaptability of the Satsuma orange to Baldwin and Mobile counties in Ala- 

 bama. Information is given relative to existing plantings, description of fruit, 

 the details of propagating, planting, growing and marketing, and diseases and 

 insect pests. 



Splits of the navel orange: Cause and remedy, J. E. Coit (Cal. Cult., 37 

 (1911), No. 19, p. Ii'i9, figs. 10). — From the author's observations so far made 

 on the subject, he concludes that sudden A'ariations in the weather act only 

 as a contributory cause, the primary cause being imperfections in the skin 

 and variations in its thickness. For the control of splits in old, established 

 orchards the reduction of the variation in soil moisture to a minimum by skill- 

 ful irrigation is advocated. It is believed, however, that by careful selection 

 of bud wood the splitting tendency of oranges may be very largely eliminated. 



Contribution to the study of the ripening processes of lemons, A. Parkoz- 

 zANi (Reprint from Ann. R. Stas. Agrum. e Frutticol. [Acireale], 1 (1911), pp. 

 36). — The results of a preliminary biochemical study of lemons during the 

 curing period are given. Fruit grown on sandy and on clay soils, harvested at 

 the usual picking time in November and also at the time of complete maturity 

 in February, was analyzed. The variations in weight, volume, and in composi- 

 tion of the different parts of the fruit are presented in tabular form. 



There was an evident difference in the constitution of lemons grown on 

 sandy soils and those grown on clay soils. The influence of potash and of lime 

 on the general development of the fruit and on its acid content was especially 

 noticeable. No definite conclusions are drawn from the present data as to the 

 formation of the acid in the fruit, nor as to the infiuence of the chemical com- 

 position of the tissues of the endocai-p on the resistance of fruit during trans- 

 portation. 



