DAIEY FARMING — ^DAIRYING. 169 



that often retails as high as 50 cts. a pound, ax-e described and illustrated. 

 "A pigeon, prairie chicken, or even a second chicken cut up and included in 

 the dressing adds greatly to its palatability. With the boned bird it is possible 

 to cut slices of chicken which include light and dark meat and dressing. Tur- 

 keys and guineas may be boned as readily as chicken. Ducks are a little more 

 difficult, particularly if they are very fat. The bones in cases make elegant 

 soup stock. They are often demanded by the purchaser for this purpose." 



Contribution to the knowledge of breeds of pigeons founded on patho- 

 logical characters, H. Otto (Beitrdge sur Kenntnis der Pathologisch Bcgriin- 

 deten Uiiterschcidungsmcrkmalc hei Tauienrassen. Inaug. Diss., Univ. Bern, 

 1910, pp. 52, figs. 5; rev. in ZentU. Allg. u. Expi. Biol., 1 (1910), No. 11-12, pp. 

 JiSJf-JtSS). — A study of pouters, tumblers, and other breeds of pigeons the dis- 

 tinguishing characteristics of which are so abnormal as to be considered patho- 

 logical. 



DAIEY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



The theory of dynamic heredity in the light of data gathered from the 

 dairy herd of the Missouri Agricultural College, F. S. Putney {Amer. 

 Breeders Assoc. [Proc], 6 (1910). pp. 3i0-3i7).— This is a study of the pedi- 

 grees for 4 generations of 44 Jersey cows at the ^lissouri Station in order to 

 test Redfleld's dynamic theory (E. S. R., 24, p. 772). 



The average age of dams of cows producing over 400 lbs. of fat in 1 year 

 was 5 years, 8 months, and 6 days; of those producing under 250 lbs., 5 years, 

 7 months, and 20 days. The average age of the granddams on the sire's side 

 of cows producing over 300 lbs. of fat per year was 7 years, 9 months, and 16 

 days; of those producing between 250 and 300 lbs., 6 years, 4 months, and 3 

 days; of those producing under 250 lbs., 8 years, 1 month, and 14 days. The 

 aA-erage age of 31 cows that exceeded their immediate dams in yield of milk 

 fat was 5 years, 8 months, and 17 days, and the average age of 13 cows falling 

 below their immediate dams was 5 years, 11 months, and 1 day. 



From these data it is apparent that there was no advantage in breeding from 

 old cows, and hence Redfleld's theory is not substantiated. 



Cooperative breeding of milking Shorthorns in Minnesota, W. F. Hand- 

 SCHIN (Amer. Breeders As.wc. [Proc.], 6 (1910), pp. 301-307). — An account of 

 the plan of circuit breetling by which this Department, the Minnesota Experi- 

 ment Station, and a cooperative association of farmers are developing a sub- 

 breed of milking Shorthorns. 



Text-book of cow-testing associations, B. Marquart (Lehrhuch des MUeli- 

 vieh-Eontrollwesens. Berlin, 1911, pp. VI-hH6, fiffs. 74). — This treats of the 

 origin of cow-testing associations and their value to the dairy industry, methods 

 of organizing and testing herds, keeping records, the factors influencing milk 

 secretion, and the Gerber, Sal, and other methods and apparatus used for test- 

 ing for fat. 



The Danish cow-test associations, B. Boggild (Amer. Breeders Assoc. 

 [Proc], 6 (1910), pp. 287'-295).—A brief history of these associations and the 

 methods of organizing, testing, and feeding herds under observation. A list 

 of fodder units is given. 



Investigations on the effect of palm-nut cake on milk production, O. 

 Kellner (Ber. Landw. Reichsamte Innern [Germany'], 1911, No. 21, pp. 35). — 

 A general report on cooperative experiments conducted at 9 stations and in- 

 volving 186 cows. 



A change in the ration from peanut meal and maize to palm-nut cake as a 

 supplement raised the fat content perceptibly but not the quantity of milk. 



