RURAL, ECONOMICS. 189 



White and color washing with native clays from Macon County, Alabama, 

 G. W. Cakveb (Alabama Tuskegcc Sta. Bui. 21, pp. 4). — This bulletin points 

 out that the white and colored native clays can be profitably used for white 

 and color washing of the exterior and interior of buildings and gives direc- 

 tions for their use. 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



Prosperous agriculture and home life, what it means to the nation, F. W. 

 Watekidge (London, 1911, pp. 263, 2J?s. 16). — In this book the author endeavors 

 to arrive at the economic and social principles underlying a prosperous agri- 

 culture, giving considerable attention to the social aspects which he deems of 

 much significance to a permanent prosperity in agricultural life. 



[Agriculture in Bavaria], L. Buchmann (Diplo. and Cons. Rpts. [London], 

 Ann. Ser., 1911, No. 4798, pp. 32-39). — This report presents a summary of data 

 on many phases of rural economy in Bavaria, some of which are noted below. 



It is pointed out (1) that the percentage of persons employed in agricul- 

 tural pursuits as compared with the total population has decreased from 50.9 

 per cent in 1882 to 40.3 per cent in 1910; (2) that of the 669,111 farms, three- 

 fifths belong to the peasantry, the rest being owned by "gentlemen farmers; " 

 that 407 of these holdings were compulsorily sold in 1910, the smallest number 

 reported for the last 31 years, and (3) that the Bavarian government has 

 given much attention to fi'uit growing, a decree having been issued as early 

 as 1769 r^uiring all land owners to plant fruit trees along the public highways 

 bordering their estates and the systematic planting of such trees having been 

 begun about the middle of the last century. The value of fruit trees Sii 

 Bavaria is now estimated at £35,000,000. 



The agricultural and forest products of British West Africa, G. C 

 Dudgeon (London, 1911, pp. X+170, pis. 17, fig. J).— This book presents a 

 general account of the principal commercial resources of British West Africa, 

 Descriptions are given of the occurrence, cultivation, and uses of such tropical 

 materials as cotton and other fibers, cocoa, rubber, oil seeds, tobacco, etc. The 

 different regions to which the book has special reference are the Gambia, 

 Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast, Ashanti, and the northern territories, Southern 

 Nigeria, and Northern Nigeria. 



Four Brazilian States, J. Pompeu (Rio de Janeiro, 1910, pp. XIX+50+79+ 

 54+52, pis. 59). — This is a popular treatise on the commercial and agricul- 

 tural industries of the States of Sao Paulo, Minas Geraes, Rio de Janiero, and 

 Parana. The text is in German and in English. 



[Progress of agriculture], G. H. Knibbs (Off. Yearbook Aust., 4 (1901- 

 1910), pp. 361-429). — Notes and statistics are given showing early records and 

 progress of agriculture in Australia, the relative importance of crops as regards 

 area and population, and the yields, prices, imports, exports, value, etc. of 

 various crops for a period of years. 



Attention is directed to boimties granted to sugar growers by the Common- 

 wealth, the object in view being that of assisting the industry while at the same 

 time diminishing the employment of colored labor in connection therewith. The 

 government paid in the way of bounties in this industry alone, £402,131 in the 

 years 1909 and 1910. Fairly liberal bounties are also offered on other agricul- 

 tural products, e. g., gin cotton; jute, flax, and hemp fibers; oil materials; 

 unclean rice; raw coffee; leaf tobacco; and dried fruits, but the bounties have 

 not been availed of to a great extent, a total of only £686 being paid on the 

 above-named articles in 1909-10. 



The agricultural laborer in London (Agr. Econ., 44 (1911), No. 503, p. 

 288). — It is pointed out in this article that a large number of agricultural 



