VETERINARY MEDICINE. 287 



aJ)s. in Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc. [London], l!)Il, Xo. 3, pp. 361, 362).— The author 

 describes the cercarice of this trematode which he found in the liver of a badly 

 infested sheep. 



Swamp fever in horses, L. Van Es, E. D. Harbis, and A. F. Sciialk (Vorift 

 Dakota Sta. Bui. 9J,, pp. 251-353, pis. 20, figs. 5).— The authors summarize and 

 discuss available data and report the results of their own investigations, pre- 

 senting the following conclusions : 



Swamp fever is an infectious disease, transmissible by subcutaneous and 

 intravenous injection and by ingestion. "The virus producing the disease is 

 contained in the blood and urine of affected animals, but it is absent from the 

 feces. The virns has thus far been demonstrated only in an ultra-microscopic 

 form. The virus is resistant to the severe freezing weather of our more north- 

 ern climates. While not denying the possible transmission of the disease to 

 healthy animals by means of insects and parasites, animals contract the disease 

 naturally by the ingestion of food and water, contaminated by the virus of an 

 infected horse. 



" The disease is essentially a septicemia, anatomically marked by subserous 

 and subendocardial hemorrhages in the more acute forms, by occasional in- 

 volvement of tlie lymphnodes and spleen, by degenerative changes in the paren- 

 chyma of heart, liver, and kidneys, and probably also by certain alterations in 

 the bone marrow of the long bones of the limbs. The chief and most constant 

 manifestations of the disease are fever and albuminuria. The former is re- 

 mittent or intei-mittent, not uncommonly at more or less regular intervals, 

 ^while the latter is transitory and frequently synchronous with the febrile ex- 

 acerbations. Many cases of swamp fever terminate fatally without a marked 

 reduction in the red blood cells, a fact denying the popular conception of swamp 

 fever being primarily an anemia. The blood of an animal may remain virulent 

 for as long as 35 months after the initial infection, without the infected horse 

 manifesting any clinical evidence of the fact. Such nonclinical infection carriers 

 probably play an important part in the establishment of more or less permanent 

 centers of infection. 



" Both trypanblue and atoxyl are worthless in the treatment of the disease. 

 In the light of our present knowledge we have to dei^end upon such prophylactic 

 measures as the destruction of diseased animals, segregation of suspects, care 

 in introducing new horses into the stable, the sjtfeguarding of food and water 

 supply from urine contamination, pasture drainage, and stable disinfection." 

 A bibliographical list of 83 titles is appended. 



On a blood filaria in the horse, H. Mandel (Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. AM., 

 Orig., 51 {1910), No. J, pth S-',-81, pi. 1, fig. i).— The author describes a microfi- 

 laria that was found in abundance in the blood of a Berlin horse. 



Investig-ations in reg-ard to pyometritis in the horse, Schuh {Monatsch 

 Prakt. Tierheilk., 21 (1910), No. 1-S, pp. 289-321, fm. 1; ahs. m Berlin. 

 Ticriirztl. Wchnschr., 21 (1911), No. 1.5, pp. 26.',, 265).— Pyometritis in the horse 

 is considered by this author a purulent catarrhal inflammation with strepto- 

 cocci as the predominating organisms. 



The following anatomical types were recognized: (1) Uterine catarrh with 

 the loss of the mucosa and presence of retention cysts in the glands (Endome- 

 tritis catarrhalis chronica purulenta atrophicans cystica) : (2) uterine catarrh 

 with thickening of the mucosa and proliferation of the glandular tissue (En- 

 dometritis chronica purulenta hyperplastica glandularis) ; (3) uterine catarrh 

 with certain defects in the mucosa (Endometritis chronica purulenta erosiva 

 ulcerosa) ; and (4) uterine catarrh with the formation of granular and scar 

 tissue (Endometritis chronica purulenta interstitialis). 

 24971°— No. 3—12 7 



