ANIMAL PRODUCTION. • 367 



from the peripheral protoplasmic layer of the cell. It begins to form when the 

 cell is yet branched. The Altmann granules are found in the protojilasm of all 

 fat cells. They are first observed when the cell is yet branched and before the 

 first fat droplets are formed. 



"The mass of adipose tissue increases in amount in fattening (a) by the 

 increase in the size of its cells, (b) by the formation and filling of new cells 

 in the interior of the lobule, (c) by the formation of new lobules." 



" Fat droplets were found in the cells of the liver in nearly all the fetuses 

 examined — the youngest being 4.7 cm. long. . . . Fat droplets were found 

 inside the muscle fibers from the 7 cm. to the 28 cm. stage. No fat was found 

 in this situation in older fetuses. . . . The cells of hyaline cartilage were 

 found to contain fat droplets throughout fetal life (from the 7 cm. stage) 

 and also in the adult. The renal cells of some fetuses contain fat droplets. 

 In certain parts of the kidneys of 2 large fat steers, the cells of the renal 

 tubules were loaded' with fat droplets. The fat droplets found inside epi- 

 thelium, cartilage, and muscle, unlike the fat in the fat cells, is independent 

 of the nutritive condition of the animal." 



" Three of the animals slaughtered were very fat. One of these, a well- 

 known prize winner in the show ring, was 3 years old, and had been excessively 

 fat for over a year. The subcutaneous fat was in some places over 8 cm. 

 thick. None of these animals had any fat in the epithelium of the glands 

 examined or inside the muscle fibers. Fat droplets were present in the cells 

 of the articular cartilage. The second group of animals, 3 in number, were 

 moderately fat. In 2 of these fat droplets were found in the hepatic cells. 

 The cartilage cells of all three contained fat droplets. 



"A third group of 6 animals were comparatively thin, the subcutaneous 

 layer of fat being only a few millimeters thick. In one of these some of the 

 cortical renal tubules were full of fat droplets. The cartilage cells of all con- 

 tained fat. Two animals showed a considerable amount of fat in the cortical 

 cells of the adrenal. 



"A fourth group of animals were exceedingly thin, having been kept on sub- 

 maintenance several months. They were fed so that they were made to lose 

 weight at the i-ate of about half a pound a day. The connective tissue 

 fat deposits were nearly exhausted. One of the animals showed a large amount 

 of fat in the cortex of the adrenal. All three show fat inside many of the 

 muscle fibers. The cartilage cells of one animal were examined and found to 

 contain the usual amount of fat." 



Investigation on the rutting of cows, E. Webee {Arch. Wiss. u. Prakt. 

 Tierheilk., 37 (1911), Nos. Ji, pp. 382-Ji06; 5, pp. 4-'/2W,5-'/).— A review of the 

 work of many investigators, in which are included the observations of the 

 author, on all phases of the phenomena of rutting. A bibliography is appended. 



The results of pasturing young cattle (Jahresber. Landw. Kammer Wies- 

 baden, 1910, pp. 72-81). — Measurements are given of the gains made by young 

 cattle on pasture in 1908, 1909, and 1910. 



Substitutes for skimmed milk in raising calves, E. S. Savage and G. W, 

 Tailby, Jr. (New York Cornell Sta. Bui. 304, pp. 3-32, figs. 14). — ^A revision 

 of a bulletin previously noted (E. S. R., 22, p. 73), with a supplementary 

 statement in regard to the development of some calves used in the earlier work 

 as 2-year-olds and 3-year-olds. As much constitutional vigor was manifested 

 by the animals that were in poorer condition at 5 months of age, through hav- 

 ing been fed substitutes for skim milk, as by the animals which had received 

 skim milk and were in better condition at that ajge. 



" The heredity of the animal is of more consequence than any moderate influ- 

 ence in the care or feeding for a short time at the beginning of the development 



