376 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The causative organism of foot-and-mouth disease, J. Siegel {Illus. Landw. 

 Ztg., 31 (1911), No. 96, p. 887, fig. 1; Berlin. Tierdrztl Wchnschr., 27 {1911), 

 No. 50, pp. 909-915, fig- !)■ — A diplococcus was isolated by cultural methods 

 usually employed for trypanosome work from the blood during the fever stage, 

 the vesicles, and internal organs (heart and spleen) of animals suffering from 

 foot-and-mouth disease, and had a close resemblance to the Diplococcus 

 pneumoniw, the D. intracellularis, and the gonococcus. These organisms which 

 are called cytorrhyctes cocci took the anilin stains readily. The smaller ones 

 were decolorized by Gram's method, and grew on agar and bouillon. By 

 feeding the cultures to shoats small blebs were produced on the buccal mucous 

 membrane of these animals. On feeding or injecting the organisms into bovines 

 the fever characteristic of the disease wag^roduced, followed by the formation 

 of the characteristic blebs and erosions in the buccal cavity. The diplococcus 

 by starving methods could be made to pass through a bisque filter, and could 

 be made virile again with the usual enriching methods. 



Protective and curative vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease, 

 LoFFLER {Molk. Ztg. Berlin, 21 (1911), Nos. 51, jjp. 601-603; 52, i)p- 61Jt-616).^ 

 A detailed discussion of this disease with a statement of the methods for pro- 

 tecting and vaccinating against it. The disease is very prevalent at the present 

 time in Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, France, Belgium, and the Nether- 

 lands. 



The prevailing German conditions are described in detail. 



Comparative investigations of methods for diagnosing glanders, L. de 

 Blieck (Ztschr. Infektionskrank. u. Hyg. Haustiere, 7 (1910), No. 5-6, pp. JflS- 

 Jf53; abs. in Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 27 (1911), No. 28, p. 509).— As glan- 

 ders is of common occurrence in some parts of India, the author conducted 

 a number of tests with the ophthalmo (using crude mallein), subcutaneous, 

 agglutination, and complement fixation methods. 



The ophthalmo reaction was found to be a good one and is given the prefer- 

 ence over the subcutaneous test. The agglutination and complement fixation 

 tests seemed to be good diagnostic methods, but for use in the Tropics they 

 need still further investigation. The ophthalmo reaction has no effect upon a 

 superseding skin test, but when the order of reactions is reversed, some dis- 

 crepancy seems to occur. The ophthalmo reaction was found to be very in- 

 tense in chronic cases. 



Autopsies confirmed the above findings. 



The control and eradication of glanders, C. D. McGilveay (Amer. Vet. Rev., 

 JfO (1911), No. 2, pp. 179-194, fig. 1). — In a clinical examination for glanders 

 the author points out that the condition of the submaxillary glands should 

 always be noted, as an indurative bosselated condition of these glands must be 

 regarded with suspicion. Much stress must be also laid upon the importance 

 of recognizing occult cases of glanders. 



In the Dominion of Canada there has been a steady decrease in the prevalence 

 of the disease since 1905, when of 1,747 horses tested 871 were destroyed, 365 

 being clinical cases. In 1911, 249 horses were tested, and up to August 19 no 

 cases of glanders had been discovered. 



All clinically affected horses prior to injection had temperatures over 102° F., 

 and post-injection temperatures 2.5° higher. The author classifies ceased 

 reactors as follows: (A) Pseudo-ceased reactors, and (B) authentic or actual 

 ceased reactors. A ceased reactor case is used for illustrating some of the 

 above points and is accompanied by the results of a detailed discussion of the 

 findings of a necropsy. 



In determining the thermal reaction the author considers " that where the 

 temperature recorded at intervals of 2 hours from the eighth to the twentieth 



