VETERINARY MEDICINE. 381 



26Jt). — This condition is divided into 2 general classes, viz, (a) wounds and (b) 

 occlusions. The former is again divided into superficial wounds, deep wounds, 

 and milk fistula. The occlusions are subdivided into (a) atresia at the en- 

 trance of the canal (congenital papillomatosis and the presence of calculi) ; 

 (b) atresia in the course of the canal (undescribable hardening of a focus and 

 induration of a large portion of the canal) ; and (c) the membrane which closes 

 the connection between the milk system and the canal. 



Difficult parturition in the cow, C. R. Edmonds (Rhodesia Agr. Jour., 8 

 (1911), No. 5, pp. 692-698). — The author discusses abnormal presentations of 

 the fetus. 



Contagious abortion in cattle, H. L. Russell (Science, n. ser., 34 (1911), 

 No. 876, p. 49-'i). — The author states that, through the use of a culture of 

 Bacillus abortus brought from Copenhagen, it has been shown by the comple- 

 ment deviation test that the disease as it occurs in this country is caused by 

 the same organism as is found in Europe. This organism has been isolated 

 fi'om the fetuses from 5 herds in various parts of Wisconsin and the identity 

 of the cultures established by the test. 



An epizootic of abortion, etc., in cows, K. Kovaezik (Allatorvosi LapoJc, 33 

 (1910), Nos.J,2, pp.. ',95-500; 43. pp. 507-510; ahs. in Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 

 27 (1911), No. 26, p. 467).— In small barns the author found that from 3 to 28 

 per cent of the animals aborted, and in the larger barns from 4 to 80 per cent. 

 At the beginning of the epizootic the slinking began at about the sixth month 

 with no premonitory symptoms present to indicate what might take place. 

 Aside from the Bang-Stribolt bacteria other bacteria were detected in the 

 vaginal secretion, but negative results as regards bacteria were obtained with 

 the fetuses. The incubation period was longer than from 8 to 10 weeks. In- 

 jections of carbolineum and some vaccines were found not to be efficient during 

 this epizootic. 



Colibacillosis or diarrhea of young animals, Van deb Heyden (Ann. MM. 

 V6t., 59 (1910), No. 1, pp. 13-26, fig. 1; ahs. in Vet. Rec., 23 (1910), No. 1153, 

 pp. 94, 95). — Observations were made with calves, and from the results the 

 author considers the conclusion drawn by Poels in 1899, that the disease is pro- 

 duced by a virulent form of Bacillus coli, is correct. He dwells at length on 

 the channels of infection, stating that the umbilicus is one of the most common 

 places before, during, and after parturition. The alimentary tract also, accord- 

 ing to the author, is as important as the umbilicus, both before and after 

 parturition. Before parturition the calf probably ingests a portion of the 

 amniotic fluid. The prophylactic and curative measures are discussed. The 

 latter includes the serum treatment of the disease. 



Paratyphoid B bacteria in slaughtered calves having miliary necrosis of 

 the organs, H. Ledschbor (Der I'aratyphus B bei genchlaehteten Edlbern mit 

 miliaren Organnekrosen. Inaug. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1909, pp. .^9). — The various 

 organs of 26 apparently healthy calves which came to slaughter were examined 

 for the presence of necrotic areas. Fifteen of the animals were given a very 

 thorough microscopical and bacteriological examination, as a result of which 

 the author points out that it is a common occurrence to see miliary and sub- 

 miliary foci in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of calves, and these are often 

 accompanied by affections in the lower section of the lungs. A few calves 

 which were pronounced healthy while living were found to have had septi- 

 cemia with a swelling of the body parenchyma and with an icteroid condition 

 of the flesh on slaughter. 



The causative organism of the disease was found to be the paratyphoid B 

 bacillus. The detection of this condition during meat inspection and the rela- 

 tion of such meat to public health is discussed in detail. 



