EURAL. ENGINEERING. 385 



bagasse . . . the average equivalent evaporation per pound of wet bagasse 

 burned alone in a Dutch oven was 1.63 lbs., whereas the equivalent evaporation 

 per pound of wet bagasse burned in the same furnace with oil was 1.28 lbs., 

 thus showing an evaporation per pound of bagasse 27.3 per cent greater when 

 burned alone. 



" The evaporation per pound of dried bagasse when burned alone was 2.65 

 lbs., as against 1.77 lbs. when burned with oil, an increased evaporation of 37 

 per cent due to burning the bagasse alone. These results are all based upon 

 an assumed evaporation of 14.75 lbs. of water per pound of oil, this figure being 

 based upon the average evaporation obtained in 26 boiler tests wher'e oil was 

 used as fuel. ... 



" In the tests . . . where oil was burned alone in the bagasse Dutch oven the 

 boiler efficiency was very low, the average being 55 per cent, with an average 

 evaporation from and at 212° of 10.93 lbs. of water per pound of oil. This 

 result was obtained with the best air regulation it was possible to get and 

 shows the advisability of keeping up the load with oil burned in oil furnaces 

 when the bagasse supply ceases, due to the stoppage of the mill, rather than by 

 burning oil in bagasse furnaces." 



The road material resources of Minnesota, G. W. Cooley ( V. 8. Dcpt. Agr., 

 Office Puh. Roads Bui. 40, pp. 2//, pis. 6). — This bulletin describes the geography, 

 meteorology, and road administration of Minnesota, the rock formations and 

 drift deposits of the State and their location, the use of iron ore roads and 

 gravel deposits, and data as to the construction of experimental gumbo roads. 

 Tests of rock samples, including sands and gravels, are included, which indicate 

 that the products of the Minnesota quarries compare very favorably with simi- 

 lar material from other sections of the country. 



" That portion of the State lying along the eastern and northeastern bounda- 

 ries is well supplied with sedimentary and crystalline rocks, as is the entire 

 Minnesota River Valley. The extreme southwestern part is rich in quartzite 

 and the granite outcrops near the central portion form a base of supply that 

 can never be exhausted. Where suitable road stone is scarce, gravel may be 

 found, though in some portions requiring a considerable haul. The roads of the 

 Eed River Valley and the southern part of the State will be built of clay and 

 sand and those of the extremely sandy portions of sand tempered with vegetable 

 matter or clay, and improved with gravel where possible. A large marshy area 

 in the northern part remains yet to be developed, but with the completion of the 

 drainage systems now under consideration and being constructed, and the open- 

 ing of these lands to settlement, material will undoubtedly be discovered for 

 road purix)ses in sufficient quantities to supply all demands." 



Highway improvement. — I, Construction and maintenance of earth, sand- 

 clay, and oiled earth roads, and culverts, W. S. Geakhart (Agr. Ed. [Kans. 

 Agr. Col.], 3 {1910), No. 6, pp. 02, figs. 28). — In this pamphlet may be found a 

 discussion of such road matters as administration, location, drainage, grading, 

 maintenance, dragging, sand-clay roads, oiling, culverts, and specifications for 

 concrete masonry. 



Some types of silos and equipment, W. A. Linklater (Oklahom<t 8ta. Circ. 

 15, pp. 3-.'i, figs. 16). — This circular illustrates and briefly describes the con- 

 crete block. King, wooden hoop stave, and iron hoop stave silos. 



A squeezer for cattle, L. Ogilvy (Breeder's Gaz., 60 {1911), No. 9, p. 331, 

 fig. 1). — A branding chute which can also be used for inoculating, dehorning, 

 and other purposes is illustrated and described. It differs from the ordinary 

 style in that the bars are upright instead of longitudinal and a part of them can 

 be removed to facilitate operations in branding or inoculating. The animal can 



