ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 455 



centers of contagion, but there was little or no appreciable difference between 

 the treated and the untreated, or check plats, which were always used as a 

 basis of comparison. General field infections were likewise always failures. . . . 

 The evidence in every instance was overwhelming against the artificial use of 

 fungus, as being without effect, and hence useless, since the fungus naturally 

 found in the soil really accomplished whatever destruction of chinch bugs 

 there was. . . . 



" The fungus shows little tendency to spread from centers of artificial infec- 

 tion. The apparent rapid spread of the fungus is due to favorable conditions 

 bringing it into activity simultaneously over considerable stretches of terri- 

 tory. . . . Spent adult chinch bugs succumb to attack more readily than 

 younger ones, but as the old bugs have finished depositing their eggs, their loss 

 by fungus disease accomplishes little else than increasing the amount of the 

 infectious material. Laboratory experiments can be made to prove that artificial 

 infection accomplishes results upon bugs confined in cramped quarters and 

 without food, but in the field, where fresh and usually drier air prevails and 

 food is abundant, an entirely different situation is presented." 



Remedial measures are discussed under the headings of fall and summer 

 treatment, the dust barrier, oil barriers, crude-oil-straw barrier, a barrier in- 

 closing a field versus a barrier along one side only, and spraying with kerosene 

 emulsion and crude oil. 



A bibliography of 110 titles is appended. 



The chinch-bug fungus, F. H. Billings and P. A. Glenn (Univ. Press Bui. 

 [Lawrence, Eans.], 1 {1910), No. ^0, p. 1). — This consists of a summary and 

 the conclusions drawn from the Investigations of the practicability of the use 

 of the chinch-bug fungus, as reported in detail in the bulletin noted above. 



The Psyllidae of Japan, S, Kuwayama {Trans. Sapporo ISJat. Hist. Soc., 2 

 {1907-S), Nos. 1-2, pp. 1J,D~189, pi. 1; 3 {1909-10), pp. 53-66, pi. i).— Fourteen 

 genera of which 7 are new and some 90 species of which about one-half are new 

 are characterized in this synopsis. 



San Jose scale in the Transvaal (Aspidiotus pemiciosus), C. B. Harden- 

 BERG {Affr. Jour. Union So. Africa, 2 {1911), No. 3, .pp. 256-265, figs. 3).— A 

 summarized account of the San Jos§ scale, its occurrence in the Transvaal, 

 control and remedial measures, together with an appended note by C. P. 

 Louusbury. 



Studies of comparative lepidopterology, C. Oberthub {Etudes de Lepidop- 

 terologie Comparee. Renncs, 1910, No. 4 l)is, pp. 43, figs. 37; 1911, No. 5, pts. 1, 

 pp. XXXVI+345, pis. 31; 2, pp. 136, pis. 75).— A continuation of the volumes 

 previously noted (E. S. R.. 26. p. 348). 



Native silkworms of Africa, E. Michel {Bui. Agr. Congo Beige, 2 {191h), 

 No. 2, pp. 310-322, pis. 3, figs. 3). — A number of native silkworms of Africa 

 of the genus Anaphe are here dealt with. 



The Papilionidae of Japan, S. Matsumuea {Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc, 

 2 {1907-8), No. 1-2, pp. 67-78, pi. 1). — Thirty species are recorded, of which 4 

 are described as new. 



Cultural methods for controlling the cotton boll worm, C. K. McClelland 

 and C. A. Saiir {Haicaii Sta. Press Bill. 32, pp. 8, figs. 2).— The small cotton 

 boll worm {Gelechia gossypiella) is by far the worst pest of the cotton plant in 

 Hawaii (E. S. R., 22, p. 59). In fields where this worm has been left undis- 

 turbed as high as from 60 to 75 per cent of the bolls have been infested. Sea 

 Island cotton has been found to be more subject to its attack than Caravonica, 

 and Egyptian somewhat less subject, while upland cotton is the least subject 

 to their attack of all varieties. 

 32355°— No. 5—12 5 



