FOODS — HUMAN NUTRITION. 461 



multiplication of the parasite within the blood. When the spirochetes disap- 

 pear from the circulation some of them break up into coccoid bodies which, 

 however, do not usually redevelop in the fowl. When the spirochetes are in- 

 gested by Argas pcrsicus, some of them pass through the gut wall into the 

 coelomic fluid. From this medium they bore their way into the cells of the 

 various organs of the tick and there break up into a number of coccoid bodies. 

 These intracellular forms multiply by ordinary fission in the cells of the 

 Malpighian tubules and gonads. Some of the coccoid bodies are formed In 

 the lumen of the gut and Malpighian tubules. The result is that some of the 

 coccoid bodies may be present in the Malpighian secretion and excrement of 

 an infected tick and when mixed with the coxal fluid may gain entry into 

 another fowl by the open wound caused by the tick's bite. They then elongate 

 and re-develop into ordinary spirochetes in the blood of the fowl, and the cycle 

 may be repeated." 



Reports and papers on suspected cases of human plague in East SufEolk 

 and on an epizootic of plague in rodents (Ann. Rpt. Local Govt. Bd. [Gt. 

 Brit.], 40 (1910-11), Sup., Rpt. Med. Officer, pp. 36-122, pis. 3).— Three reports 

 are here presented: (1) Report on Suspected Pneumonic and Bubonic Plague 

 in East Suffolk and on the Prevalence of Plague in Rodents in Suffolk and 

 Essex (pp. 3S-75), by H. T. Bulstrode; (2) Observations on Rat Plague in 

 East Suffolk (pp. 76-90), by C. J. Martin and S. Rowland; and (3) Report on 

 the Pathological and Bacteriological Examination of Rodents (pp. 91-122), by 

 G. F. Petrie and G. H. Macalister. 



Further observations on a plague-like disease of rodents with a pre- 

 liminary note on the causative agent, Bacterium tularense, G. W. McCoy 

 and C. W. Chapin (Jour. Infect. Diseases, 10 (1912), No. 1, pp. 61-12).— In a 

 paper previously noted (E. S. R., 25, p. 355)' one of the authors described a 

 disease found in nature in California ground squirrels (Citcllus beecheyi), 

 which is experimentally transmissible to other rodents and which in practically 

 all susceptible animals gives rise to plague-like lesions. In the present paper 

 the authors report certain observations based upon a larger experience with 

 naturally infected ground squirrels and upon considerable experimental work, 

 including the cultivation of the organism that causes the disease. An experi- 

 ment is reported which proves conclusively that squirrel fleas (Ceratophyllus 

 acutus) may at times transmit the infection from squirrel to squirrel. 



FOODS— HUMAN NUTRITION. 



[Food analyses and other pure food and drug topics], E, F. Ladd and 

 Alma K. Johnson (North Dakota Sta. Spec. Bwl. 3G, i)p. 397-J,20) .—This bulle- 

 tin discusses short-weight packages of lard, and other pure food topics ; reports 

 the examination of a number of samples of ice cream and miscellaneous food 

 products, of drugs, and proprietary remedies; gives some data regarding the 

 inspection of restaurants; and reports briefly studies by T. Sanderson which 

 have to do with the milling and baking of wheat. 



In a test undertaken to determine whether durum wheat can be sufficiently 

 tempered, i. e., moistened, to make it mill as easily as other spring wheat 

 without injuring its baking quality, the data obtained led to the conclusion 

 that proper tempering improves very materially the flour produced and the 

 condition of the wheat for milling, the durum flour milling very much the same 

 as hard red spring wheat. A long tempering period was also markedly bene- 

 ficial with respect to expansion and color in baking, especially with the patent 

 and first clear grades. When kept 3 months in summer, to determine how aging 



