476 EXPERIMENT STATION BECOED. 



Calculated in the same manner the average energj- value required by the 4 

 cows receiving the normal ration was 8.G1 therms. 



" The average energy value of the ration given 2 cows, with which a diges- 

 tion trial was made that admits of more accurate calculation, was 6.00 therms, 

 while for animals of this weight the energy value required is estimated at 5.56 

 therms by Armsby. 



" The general conclusion from the results with 4 Jersey cows is that the 

 average maintenance requirements of these animals is quite close to the stand- 

 ard, suggested by Armsby and by Haecker." 



Feeding experiments with, milch cows, N. O. Hofman-Bang (Ber. K. Vet. og 

 Landbohdjskoles Lab. Landokonom. Forsog {Copenhagen^, H {1911), pp. 78). — 

 The reiwrt gives an account of extensive experiments conducted under the 

 direction of the Copenhagen Experiment Station for the purpose of determining 

 the feeding value of wet brewers' grains and of soy-bean cakes for milch cows. 



On replacing oil cakes by wet grains, the basal rations consisting of hay, 

 straw, ruta-bagas, cotton-seed meal, peanut cakes, or soy-bean cakes, it was 

 found that 5 kg. of wet grains was equivalent to 1 kg. of the high-protein cakes. 

 Neither the milk production, the chemical composition of the milk, nor the 

 condition of the cows was affected by the introduction of the wet grains into 

 the feed rations in this proportion. 



In other tests 1 kg. of soy-bean cakes fully replaced 1 kg. of the other high- 

 protein cakes fed (cotton-seed meal, peanut cakes, sunflower cakes) without 

 affecting the milk production, the condition of the cows, or the chemical com- 

 position of the milk. When good, fresh soy-bean cakes were fed, no deleterious 

 influence of feeding the cakes was traceable in the flavor or taste of the butter, 

 even when these were fed excessively. In the latter case they produced butter 

 of a hard consistency, so that tlie winter grain feed of the cows should not, 

 therefore, be made up too heavily of soy-bean cakes. 



Further investigations on the utilization of ammonium acetate and aspara- 

 gin for maintenance and milk production, A. Morgen, C. Beger, and F. West- 

 HAUSSER {Landw. Vers. Stat., 75 {1911), No. 3-Jt, pp. 265-320).— The authors 

 have continued their earlier work (E. S. R., 24, p. 369). 



Whenever asparagin or ammonium acetate was given in the place of pure 

 protein there was a decrease in milk pi'oduction of about 25 i>er cent. When 

 carbohydrates were substituted there was a decrease of 36 per cent. These 

 results in general confirm those previously noted. 



There was no favorable effect of ammonium acetate or asparagin on the 

 quality of milk or uix>n the weight of the animal. No proof was obtained of 

 indigestible pure protein, and it is thought that the increase of protein in the 

 feces was due to a depression of the digestion coefficient. When the protein was 

 replaced by amids there was no change in the products of metabolism, but in 

 the case of carbohydrates there was an increase. 



The record breakers of the dairy breeds {Breeder's Gaz., 60 {1911), No. 25, 

 pp. 128S, 1289, figs. 6). — This contains the milk records of champion cows of 

 the 6 leading dairy breeds. 



Beport of the Malmohus County cow-testing associations, 1910-11, L. 

 Nannesson {Malino. Llins Hushdll. SdTIsk. KvrtJsskr., 1911, No. 3, pp. 39^- 

 511). — The number of cow-testing associations in the county during the year 

 was 160, with 2.479 different herds and 47,832 cows. The average production 

 of the cows for the year was 3,501 kg. of milk and 112.69 kg. of butter fat, 

 with an average of 3.22 per cent of fat. The cows ate on the average 2.322.6 

 " feed units," and produced 150.8 kg. of milk and 5.35 kg. of butter for each 100 

 feed units. The returns per 100 feed units at the price obtained for butter 

 amounted to 11.45 crowns, or $3.07. The improvement in the production of the 



