RURAL ECONOMICS. 487 



tuberculosis in the United States and Canada, the nature of avian tuberculosis, 

 the seriousness of the losses, kind of birds affected with the disease, dissemina- 

 tion from outside sources and in the flock, detection of the disease, control of 

 the disease, and disinfection of the premises. 



The bulletin is plentifully illustrated with pathological material. A bibliog- 

 raphy is appended. 



On the so-called blackhead of turkeys, Y. Watanabe (Trans. Sapporo Nat. 

 llist. 8oc., 3 (1909-10), pp. 67-8i).— Blackhead has destroyed large numbers 

 of turkeys on the farm of the agricultural college of the Tohoku Imperial Uni- 

 versity. The studies here reported lead the author to conclude that the disease 

 is caused by a species of Amoeba and not by bacteria found in the ceca. 

 Whether or not Amwba meliugridis is the species concerned has not been 

 determined. 



The following is a summary of the studies reported: "The parasite attacks 

 first the ceca, the histological structure of which is destroyed by it. Some of 

 the parasitic organisms escape from the ceca through the Lieberkiihn's crypt, 

 into which it comes out, breaking up the crypt's walls. Passing through the 

 portal vein, it comes then to the liver which is converted by it at last into 

 hard plates. The parasite escapes from the liver through the bile-ducts. The 

 parasite from the hver, together with that from the ceca, is cast off from the 

 enteric canal through the vent, being intermingled with the excrement to in- 

 fect other individuals. The direct mortal cause is the destruction of the ceca 

 or liver, or of both the organs." 



Some diseases and parasites of ostrich chicks, W. Robertson (Agr. Jour. 

 Union So. Africa, 2 (1911), No. 3, pp. 309-317). — Notes are presented on dronk- 

 ziekte, ophthalmia, eversion of rectum, tapeworm (Twnia struthionis), and 

 wireworin (Strongylus (louglassii). 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



Management of farm land. — Different systems of renting land as they 

 affect both landlord and tenant, D. G. Beaty (Farm and Home [Mass.], 33 

 (1912), No. 687, p. 17). — This article gives concrete illustrations of different 

 systems of renting land as applied to a farm in South Dakota and the returns 

 to both landlord and tenant. 



In 1903 the owner rented his 160-acre farm, valued at $5,600, for $320 cash. 

 The tenant grew wheat, oats, and corn from which he received a net profit of 

 $409. The following 2 years the owner furnished the seed and received half of 

 the crops. His profits averaged $377 per year and the renter's $424. For the 

 next 3 years the tenant furnished the seed and received two-thirds of the crop. 

 The average profit per year to the owner was $386 and to the tenant $479. The 

 ])roportion of the total net receipts accruing to the owner under the 3 systems 

 was about 43, 47, and 44 per cent, respectively. 



Owner's oversig'ht of rented land, C. W. Holman (Farm and Ranch, 30 

 (1911), Nos. 51, pp. 5, 6; 52, p. 16. figs. 5). — This article describes the run down 

 condition of a farm due to mismanagement and the lack of the owner's oversight 

 because of his absence, and shows by actual illustration what effect his moving 

 back to the farm had upon the social and economic conditions of the tenants, 

 the annual yields of the farm, and his net income. 



Renters can pay for high-priced land, L. Young (Farm and Ranch, 31 

 (1912), No. 1, p. 1). — This article gives the experience of 2 brothers, to illus- 

 trate the possibility of tenants paying for high-priced land. 



Diversified farming with tenants in Louisiana (Farm and Ranch, 31 (1912), 

 No. 1, pp. }f, 5, figs. 8). — This article i)resents the experience of a large cotton 

 32355°— No. 5—12 7 



