METEOROLOGY — WATER. 5l3 



The drying of copra, A. Dommes {Tropenpflanzer, 1^ (1910), No. 6, pp. 

 288-297, fig. 1; abs. in Trap, and Mag. Ceylon Agr. Soc, 35 (1910), No. 5, p. 

 182; Inteniat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Bui. Bur. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 

 2 (1911), No. 1, p. 182). — In view of the fact that drying copra in the sun is 

 unsatisfactory, the author recommends artificial heat for this purpose. The 

 drying should be begim as soon as the nuts are opened, and the whole proce'DS 

 ought to be finished in 24 hours. In order to avoid discoloration and spoilage 

 by mold, a fairly high temperature should be used in the first stages of drying 

 (60 to 70° C. or higlier). "When tlie outer moisture has disappeared and the 

 pulp is a little dried, the temperature may be lowered to 50°, but not below, 

 and this temi^erature must be maintained till the copra is at least half dry. 

 To remove the last moisture the temperature must be once more raised and the 

 copra must be cooled in an airy room." 



Method for extracting turpentine, De Lapasse (Jour. Parfum. et Savonn., 

 23 (1910). p. 76; ahs. in Semiann. Rpt. Schimmel and Co., 1910, Oct., pp. 133, 

 13Ji; Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Bui. Bur. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 2 

 (1911), No. 1, p. 129). — A comparison between the methods used in the United 

 States and France. 



METEOROLOGY— WATER. 



Agricultural meteorology and weather forecasting, P. Klein (Meteorologie 

 Agricole et Provision du Temps. Paris, 1911, pp. 528, figs. 147). — This is one 

 of the volumes of the Encyclopedie Agricole published under the direction of 

 G. Wery. It is in the main a general treatise on meteorology and forecasting, 

 with final chapters dealing with the relation of meteorological phenomena to 

 plant and animal life. The effects of such meteorological elements as tempera- 

 ture of the air and soil, precipitation, hail, and lightning are considered indi- 

 vidually and also collectively as climate. Climates are classified with refer- 

 ence to localities and special crops. 



Weather wisdom, in agriculture, W. R. Dunlop (London, [1911], pp. IfS, 

 figs. 9). — Different chapters of this book treat briefly and in popular way of 

 the value of weather knowledge from an agricultural standpoint, and especially 

 with reference to selection of land, planning of the farm operations, and pro- 

 tection from frost and other unfavorable conditions. Others describe weather 

 conditions of the British Isles, clouds, and characteristic types of weather, 

 meteorological instruments, and prognostications. 



Temperature departures, monthly and annual, in the United States, 

 January, 1873, to June, 1909, inclusive (TJ. S. Dept. Agr., Weather Btir. Bui. 

 U, pp. 5, pis. l-'fG). — This volume consists of a series of charts prepared in con- 

 tinuation of the policy of the Weather Bureau to reduce the meteorological 

 observations of the United States to a homogenous series, both as to hours of 

 observation and period of time covered, as has already been done with atmos- 

 pheric pressure, temperature, vapor pressure, and precipitation. 



There is one chart for each month and one for each annual, making a total, 

 of 474 separate charts. The lines traced on these charts were determined from 

 the normals of temperature published in Bulletin S (E. S. R., 21, p, 525), com- 

 puted for the 33-year period, 1873 to 1905, and comprising the independent 

 records from more than 100 stations well distributed over the entire United 

 States. 



" The principal value of these charts will doubtless be found in the oppor- 

 tunities they afford for reducing the short records of temperature for the 

 cooperative stations of the Bureau, several thousand in number, to the homo- 

 genous 33-year period adopted for the regular stations. The method of their 



