556 EXPERIMENT STATION BECOED. 



Aphycus flavus a parasite of the male black scale in tlie second stage. Rhisobius 

 ventraUs, Orcus chalybeus, and several other coccinellids are mentioned as 

 predaceous enemies of the black scale. Other species of unarmored scales men- 

 tioned as associated with the black scale are the hemispherical scale (»S'. hemi- 

 sphwi'ica), the soft brown scale (Coccus hesperidum), the European fruit 

 lecanium (Lecanium comi) , the frosted scale (L. pruinosum), etc. 



A bibliography of 53 titles, furnished by E. R. Soccer, is appended, covering 

 references since 1903. 



Parasitism of the black scale {Agr. News [Barbados], 10 {1911), No. 239, 

 p. 202). — ^An account is given of the parasite Zalophothrix mirum, which at- 

 tacks mature black scales that are about to begin or have already begun egg 

 laying. 



But very rarely is more than one larva found in a single black scale, although 

 in a few instances 2 have been observed. " In a recent examination of a large 

 number of black scales on cotton in one field in Antigua, it was found that 

 nearly every scale insect which had reached the egg-laying stage harbored a 

 grub of this parasite. There were very few punctured scales to be seen, and it 

 is very difficult to obtain specimens of the adult parasite by means of the 

 insect net." 



On the locomotion and length of life of the young of Pulvinaria vitis 

 ribesiae, W. E. Collinge {Jour. Econ. Biol., 6 {1911). No. 4, pp. 139-142).— The 

 data here presented have been previously noted (E. S. R., 26, p. 452). 



Bird enemies of the Chinese cotton scale, W. W. Arnold {Auk, 29 {1912), 

 No. 1, p. 113). — Redpolls {Acanthis linaria) were observed by the author during 

 the winter of 1910-11 to feed daily on the Chinese cotton scale on maples at 

 Colorado Springs, Colo. Frequently a number of pine finches would associate 

 with the redpolls and feed upon this pest, which is said to have threatened the 

 destruction of shade trees, especially maples and black locusts, as well as orna- 

 mental shrubs and vines, at Colorado Springs. 



Preliminary note on the silk glands of Bombyx mori, Y. Tanaka {Trans. 

 Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc, 3 {1909-10), pp. 19-26). — This paper is preliminary to 

 the account noted below. 



Studies on the anatomy and physiology of the silk-producing insects, 

 Y. Tanaka {Jour. Col. Agr. Toholcu Imp. Univ., 4 {1911). No. 2, pp. 28, pis. 

 7 ) . — This paper deals with the structure of the silk glands and the silk forma- 

 tion in Bombyx mori. A bibliographical list of 19 titles is appended. 



The leopard moth (Zeuzera pyrina), W. E. Britton and G. A. Ckomie 

 {Connecticut State Sta. Bui. 169, pp. 3-24, P^s. 8, figs. 6).— This bulletin dis- 

 cusses the appearance of infested trees, the occurrence of the moth in Europe 

 and other countries, the history of its spread in America, distribution and 

 spread iu Connecticut, descriptions of its stages, its life history and injury, 

 natural enemies and checks, and remedial treatment. 



" The pest has been especially destructive to elm and silver maple trees in 

 the coast cities and towns of Connecticut, but is not so abundant in the open 

 country. It has caused much damage also in the cities of New Jersey, New 

 York City, Providence, Cambridge, and Boston. . . . 



" The moths appear about July 1. the males being very common around elec- 

 tric lights, and the females lay eggs singly or in groups of 2, 8 or 4, in the 

 crevices of the bark or near the buds. The larvfe, hatching in a few days, 

 begin to tunnel in the twigs, and by the end of the season are about 1 inch 

 in length. They leave the small branches and crawl over the bark to enter 

 larger ones, cutting large galleries in them and expelling the frass through 

 round holes, which they soon close with silk webs.^)uring October the borers 



